

Gass_ 

Book_ 


COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 






















TAINTOR BROTHERS, 

678 Broadway, New York. 


$ 3 ^ 


New York to White Mountains 

---V I A ^ 

Connecticut River. 





































































































TAIN TOR’S 

Route and City Guides. 

TAINTOR BROS., PUBLISHERS, 678 BROADWAY, N. Y. 

- > - 

These Guides describe all Cities, Towns, and Stations on the routes 
giving items of interest to the traveler for business or pleasure. 

ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. 

Price, 25 Cents each. 

- ♦- 

I. “ CITY OF NEW YORK.” —Containing descriptions of the 
Public Buildings, Parks, Cemeteries, Islands, and Public Institu¬ 
tions in and around New York City; also lists of the principal Hotels, 
Amusements, Libraries, Clubs, Societies, Dispensaries, Horse Rail loads, 
Omnibus Routes, Hack Fares, Ferries, &c.: also, Street, Traveler’s, ami 
Church Directories, and a Large Colored Map of the Metropolis. 

II. “ NEW YORK TO FHILA DEL mi A, BALTI¬ 
MORE, AND WASHINGTON. ''—With descriptions of scenery, 
cities, villages, and objects of interest along the route. 

III. “ IIUDSON RIVER ” RO UTE —New York to Albany, 
Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Adirondack Moun¬ 
tains, and Montreal, via Hudson River. 

IV. “ HUDSON RIVER RAHWAY. "—New York to 
Albany, Troy, and Saratoga. 

V. “ ERIE RAIL WA Y RO UTE. ' '—New York to Rochester, 
Dunkirk, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls. 

VI. “ NEW YORK TO SARATOGA, BUFFALO, and 
NIAGARA FALLS.” —Via Hudson River and N. Y. Central R. R. 

VII. “HARLEM RAIL WA Y. ' '—New York to Albany and Trov. 

VIII. “ SPRINGFIELD RO UTE.”—New York to Boston, 
via New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield. 

IX. “SHORE LINE ROUTE.”— New York to Boston, via 
New Haven, New London, and Providence. 

X. “ STONINGTON R O UTE. ' '—New York to Boston, via Ston 
l&gton and Providence. 

XI. “NORWICH ROUTE.” —New York to Boston and White 
Mountains, via Norwich and Worcester. 

XII. “THE NEWFORT ROUTE.”—New York to Boston. 
With full descriptions of Newport and Narragansett Bay. 

XIII. “ THE SOUND ROUTES.”— Four routes combined 
(Nos. X., XI., XII., and XIII.). 

XIV. “CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE.”— New York 
to White Mountains. 

X V. “ THE NORTHERN RO UTE. ' '—Boston to White Moan 

tains, Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Missisquo 
Springs, Montreal, and Ogdensburg. 

XVI. “THE CENTRAL R. R. OF NEW JERSEY. 

and connections.”—New York and Philadelphia to the Penna. Coal Re¬ 
gions, Harrisburgh, Williamsport, and Elmira. 

XVII. “ FENNSYLVANIA COAL REGIONS. ' ’—New 
York to Delaware, Water Gap, Scranton, Wilkesbarre, and Mauch Chunk, 
via Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, Lehigh and Susquehanna, and 
Lehigh Valley Railways. 

XVIII. “LONG ISLAND.”— Via Long Island Railway. 

XIX. (< LONG ISLAND.” —Via South-Side Railway. 

XX. (< NEW LONDON ROUTE.” —New York to Montreal, 
via New London Northern Railway. 

XXI. DELAWARE and HUDSON RO UTE.— Philadel¬ 
phia to the Coal Regions, Cooperstown, Sharon Spiings, Saratoga. Lake 
George, The Adirondacks, and Montreal. 

&T ANY OF THE ABOVE SENT BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF 26 CTS. 





CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE: 

A GUIDE BOOK 


OF THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE FROM 

NEW YORK TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS; 

WITH FULL DESCRIPTION OF 


New Haven, Hartford, Springfield, 

AND THE 

WHITE MOUNTAINS, r x \ 

And a brief description of towns and villages on the entire route, via 
New York, New Haven, Hartford and Springfield, Connecticut 
River, Central Vermont, Connecticut and Passumpsic 
Rivers, and Boston, Concord, Montreal and 
White Mountains Railroads. 



PUBLISHED BV 


TA1NTOR BROTHERS & CO. 

758 Broadway, New Yore. 

S 1 » 

__,_LKl,_ _ 

Copyright—Taintor Brothers & Co., 1875. 









REVERE HOUSE, 

BOSTON, MASS. 



TREMONT HOUSE, 

BOSTON, jyLASS. 


Tlio above well-established First-Class Ectels, refurnished and thorough!; rE> 
novated, will be found a luxury by the tra velling public. 

JraEist. CHAPIN GIJRNEY & CO. Pronrietors. 

<<V 

















INDEX 


Bald Mountain. 

Basin and Pool. 

Bath. 

Bellows Falls. 

Berlin Junction. 

Bemardstown. 

Boston, C., M. & White 

Mountains R. R. 

Bradford . 

Brattleboro’. 

Bridgeport. 

Brightwood. 

Cannon Mountain. 

Center Harbor. 

Charlestown. 

Chicopee. 

Claremont. 

Conn. & Pass. R. R. R.. 

Conn. River R. R. 

Cos Cob. 

Crawford House. 

Dalton. 

Darien.. 

Deerfield. 

Dummerston. 

Echo Lake. 

Ely. 

Enfield. 

Fabyan House. 

Fairfield. 



PAGE 

Fairlee.. 

90 

Five Mile River. 

21 

Flume... 

107 

Franconia Mountains.... 

102 

Glen House. 

116 

Gorham.. 

116 

Grand Central Depot.... 

11 

Greenfield. 

75 

Green’s Farms. 

23 

Greenwich. 

19 

Hanover. 

88 

Harlem. 

14 

Harrison. 

18 

Hartford.. 

41 

Hartland. 

86 

Haverhill. .. 

91 

Hayden’s Station. 

50 

Holyoke. 

62 

H. & S. Div. N. Y. & N. 


H. R. R. 

35 

Lake Winnipiseogee .... 

53 

Lancaster.. 

100 

Larchmont Manor. 

17 

Lisbon. 

95 

Littleton. 

96 

Long Meadow. 

53 

Lyme. 

89 

Mamaroneck. 

17 

Meriden. 

37 

Middletown. 

39 


PAGE 

106 

107 

95 

81 

39 

76 

94 

90 

78 

24 

61 

106 

117 

84 

62 

85 

88 

61 

19 

110 

100 

21 

72 

79 

105 

90 

52 

110 

23 


























































VI 


INDEX. 


Milford. 

Mount Holyoke. 

Mount Lafayette. 

Mount Tom. 

Mount Washington. 

Mount Washington R. R. 

Mount Vernon. 

Naugatuck Junction... . 

New Britain. 

New Haven. 

Newington. 

New Rochelle. 

New York. 

Noroton. 

Northampton. 

North Charlestown. 

North Conway .. 

North Hartland. 

North Hatfield. 

North Haven. 

North Lisbon. 

North Thetford. 

Norwich. 

Notch. 

N. Y. &N. H. R. R.... 
Old Man of the Mountain 

Orford. 

Peconsic. 

Pelhamville. 

Piermont Station. 

Pompanoosuc. 

Pool. 

Port Chester. 

Profile House.. 

Putney. 

Riverside. *... 

Round Hill. 

Routes. 

Rye. 


PAGE 


Smith s Ferry. 64 

Springfield, Mass. 53 

Springfield, Vt. 84 

South Charlestown. 83 

South Deerfield. 71 

South Lancaster. 100 

South Newbury. 91 

South Norwalk... 22 

Southport. 23 

South Vernon. 76 

Stamford. 20 

Stratford. 26 

Summit House.115 

Thetford. 89 

Thompsonville. 52 

Twin Mountain House .. 109 

Vernon. 77 

Wallingford. 36 

Warehouse Point. 52 

Wells River. 92 

West Claremont. 85 

West Haven. 27 

Westminster .. 80 

Westport. 23 

Whately. 71 

Whitefield. 99 

White Mountains.7, 109 

White Mountain House.. 110 

White River Junction... 87 

Willey House.110 

William’s Bridge. 15 

Willimansett. 62 

Windsor, Ct. 50 

Windsor Locks. 51 

Windsor, Vt.. 86 

Wing Road. 99 

Woodmount. 27 

Woodville. 94 

Yalesville. 36 


PAGE 

26 

67 

106 

65 

113 

112 

16 

26 

39 

28 

40 

17 

11 

21 

66 

84 

116 

37 

71 

36 

95 

89 

88 

110 

13 

105 

90 

53 

16 

90 

89 

107 

18 

104 

79 

20 

66 

8 

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The White Mountains. 


I N’ a general way, the name White Mountains includes all that 
tract of lake and mountain country occupied by Coos, 
Grafton, Carrol, and Belknap Counties in the northern part 
of New Hampshire. It is naturally divided into three dis¬ 
tricts ; the lake country about Lake Winnipiseogee, Carrol 
anjl Belknap Counties, the Franconia Mountains at the west, 
in Grafton County, and the smaller and more lofty group of 
peaks at the north end centered about Mount Washington, in 
Coos County. This last district also extends in a south¬ 
westerly direction into Grafton County, and makes the true 
White Mountains, or White Hills, as they are more justly 
called. 

Compared with the Alps, these mountains are indeed hills. 
Mount Washington scarce climbs a third way to the snow- 
clad height of Mount Blanc, and the Notch may be trifling 
• beside the mighty rifts beneath the Jungfrau, and the cas¬ 
cades of Glen Ellis and the Flume may seem insignificant be¬ 
side the dizzy leap of the Staubach; but these are over the 
sea. Our Switzerland is at our very doors. It has all the 
grandeur of true mountains, combined with a hill and lake 
country as beautiful as anything in Europe. To this it adds 
a virgin freshness, a wild picturesqueness that Switzerland can 
never show. There are no squalid villages populous with 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


beggars, extortion is not cultivated as an art by an entire 
nation as there, and there are no ruins to hint decayed op¬ 
pression. These Alps are the home of an industrious and 
sober-minded people, happily careless of ruins, and not in¬ 
clined to view the tourist as a natural prey. 

As the Rhine leads the way to the Alps, so we have our 
more lovely Connecticut, the natural pathway from the sea 
to the hills. Quite as striking and romantic in its more nar¬ 
row passes, and as beautiful in others, it pours its waters al¬ 
most at our port, and brings the mountains within a day’s 
ride of New York. 

Though hardly half a century has passed since our travel¬ 
ing public began to visit the White Hills, yet it is both easy 
to get there, and easy to move about on entering the charm¬ 
ing region. The best of roads, excellent stages and careful 
drivers, and the home of the most costly and elegant hotels 
in the country, make it both pleasant and comparatively in¬ 
expensive to visit the lakes or mountains. The busy city 
man with only a day to spare, the sauntering tourist, the 
student, afoot with a view to economy, or the family seek¬ 
ing quiet and the fresh air of the woods and hills, may eaoh 
and all visit this Switzerland, see everything of interest, and 
return to New York gainers in health and spirits, and confi¬ 
dent of having made a good investment. 


THE ROUTES. 

T HERE are several routes to the White Mountains from 
New York. The most direct, the swiftest, and the best 
is by rail up the Connecticut Valley, and past New Haven, 
Hartford, Springfield, and Wells River to Littleton, just north¬ 
west of the Franconia Mountains, and west of the White 
Mountains, and the natural entrance to the whole White 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


Hills region. Another route departs slightly from this by 
starting from New York by the way of Long Island Sound 
in the steamboats that ran daily to New Haven, and thence 
on up the valley by rail. 

Another route may be traced by the Sound boats (or the 
Shore Line) to New London, and by the Norwich and Wor¬ 
cester Railroad to Worcester, Mass. ; then, by the Worcester 
and Nashua road via Groton Junction, to Nashua, New 
Hampshire ; then by the Boston, Goncord and Montreal Rail¬ 
road to Lake Winnipiseogee, or on to Wells River, where 
the Littleton road may be taken. 

Another route is to take any one of the five routes to 
Boston, and then by the Lowell Railroad to Lowell, Nashua, 
N. H., and so on by the Boston, Concord and Montreal Road. 
From Boston, boat or rail may be taken for Portland, Me., 
and by the Grand Trunk Railroad ; the eastern side of the 
mountains may be reached at Gorham, or by the Portland 
and Ogdensburg Road to North Conway. This point may 
also be reached by rail from Portsmouth, N. H., which is 
connected with Boston by the Boston and Maine Railroad. 

From Boston other rail routes may be taken via Lawrence, 
Mass., or the Boston and Maine, and thence, via Manches¬ 
ter, to Concord, N. H.,and so on to Wells River. The Fitch¬ 
burg and Cheshire Roads also connect at Bellows Falls with 
the Central Vermont Road that leads up the Connecticut 
Valley. Of these routes the first is the best, the most direct, 
the most speedy and comfortable, and the most charming in 
point of natural scenery. 

Mere getting on is very well in its way, but the sensible 
traveler prefers the cheap and ready pleasure of something 
to look at from the car-window. Furthermore, this route is 
the best because it ends with a climax. First comes the 
changing shores of the Sound ; then the level reaches of the 
lower Connecticut, then the graceful hills about Northamp- 

1 * 9 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


ton, the picturesque passes at Bellows Falls, Windsor, and 
Wells River, and the Franconia hills growing higher and 
higher, and last of all the mountains, fit ending of the road. 
This is the true way to view a river. Start at the sea, and 
end with the splendid climax of the mountains. By this 
route the entire Connecticut Valley is traversed, and some 
of the most striking and charming scenery in this country 
may be seen. This valley, extending from the Dominion of 
Canada to Long Island Sound, dividing the States of Vermont 
and New Hampshire, and crossing Massachusetts and Con¬ 
necticut, is the longest in New England, and one of the most 
beautiful and romantic in the Union. At Hartford, 50 miles 
from the sea, the river becomes navigable for vessels drawing 
8 feet of water, and at Middletown for those needing 10 feet, 
and below these points an extensive coastwise commerce is 
carried on. The water-power furnished by the river is the 
best in New England, and a large and growing manufacturing 
interest has sprung up along its banks. Agriculture in all 
its branches flourishes upon its fertile intervals, and in mar¬ 
ble, granite, and freestone vast stores of wealth are annually 
quarried, while to the student of nature its rocky hills make 
some of the most remarkable and interesting pages of the 
great stone picture book of geology. From sea to mountains 
this populous and beautiful valley is crowded with places 
well worth studying for their social, natural, and historical 
attractions, and as the journey advances each will be con¬ 
sidered in detail. Whatever the particular objects of the 
traveler, he will be sure to find much to entertain him, and 
every step will open a new surprise and pleasure in art or 
nature till he reaches the WTiite Hills, the crowning point of 
this delightful journey. 


10 













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


New York—The Grand Central Depot. 

T HE immediate point of departure from New York is 
the Grand Central Depot at Forty-second Street on 
Fourth Avenue, and about three miles from the City Hall. 
It is most easily reached from the lower part of the city 
by the Fourth Avenue cars, which start from City Hall Park, 
opposite the Astor House, and at the entrance of the new 
Post-Office. Omnibuses from the Wall Street Ferry pass up 
Broadway to Madison Square and Madison Avenue to the 
station. The Lexington Avenue cars from City Hall Park 
also bring their passengers to the doors of the depot. On the 
west side of Broadway the Sixth Avenue cars start from Yesey 
Street, next to Astor House, and leave the passenger on Sixth 
Avenue at the corner of Forty-second Street, and from there 
it is only a walk of two blocks to the right to the depot. 
Omnibuses from Fulton Ferry pass up Broadway, Four¬ 
teenth Street and Fifth Avenue, and leave the passenger at 
Forty-second Street. Here a walk to the right of only one 
block leads to the depot. The Second Avenue cars from 
Peck Slip may be taken from Forty-second Street, and a 
walk of two blocks to the left brings one to the station. 

The Grand Central Depot is occupied by three railroads : 
the New York Central and Hudson River, the New York and 
Harlem, and the New York and New Haven Railroads. They 
use the train-house in common, each having four tracks. 
Our trip is by the New York and New Haven Road, and to 
reach the proper cars we enter by the southern doors on 
Forty-second Street. The tracks are on the east or right 
hand side of the station, and by entering here there can be 
no mistake or confusion. The baggage entrance is by the 
door at the right, next the great arch where the horse-cars 
stand. The passengers’ rooms are entered directly from the 

11 







WB8& 


































































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


street, and the ticket-office is in the centre of the room. 
The booking office for drawing-room and sleeping-cars, and 
the package office is at the right, and the doors leading to 
the cars are on both sides of the general ticket office. The 
ladies’ room is at the left, and the gentlemen’s to the right. 
The clock by the ticket-office indicates the departure of the 
next train, and the clocks on the walls give the correct rail¬ 
road time. When the trains are ready the doors to the plat¬ 
forms are unlocked, and the gate-man announces the train. 
Signs also indicate such directions as the traveler may need. 
There is a news-stand, telegraph office, and other convenien¬ 
ces, but no restaurant. Lunch-rooms and dining-saloons may 
be easily found in the neighborhood, and at the Grand Union 
Hotel immediately opposite. 

From the waiting-rooms the traveler enters the vast and 
magnificent train-house—one of the largest and most beau¬ 
tiful halls in the world. With the brick head house on 
Forty-second Street, the building is 696 feet long and 250 
feet wide, and over this is thrown the light iron arches that 
carry the immense roof of iron and glass ninety-five feet over¬ 
head. The great sweep of these arches, their fine finish and 
admirable color, and the fine proportions of the whole, make 
it worth the while to pause a moment on the stone platform 
to admire the building. Twelve tracks with suitable plat¬ 
forms give accommodation for over 140 cars, and enable a 
thousand people to arrive and depart at the same moment, 
and without the slightest confusion and inconvenience. 

12 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The “New York and New Ha yen Eailroad 

M AKES the first link of the chain of roads extending from 
New York to the White Mountains. It is one of the 
finest and most successful lines in the country. By its con¬ 
nections at New Haven and Bridgeport it taps all the leading 
lines of New England, and becomes the great trunk route to 
New York, and by its connections at Springfield it leads to 
Boston and the east. It is provided with a double track 
throughout, and it joins the Harlem Railroad at William’s 
Bridge, about 16 miles north of the Grand Central Depot. 
From this point the line pays the Harlem Road a toll on 
every passenger, and runs its cars over that road without 
change into the city. The New Haven and Northampton 
Railroad, extending northerly from New Haven to North¬ 
ampton, a few miles west of the Connecticut, and known as 
the Canal Road, is leased and operated by the New York and 
New Haven Company, and the Hartford, Springfield and 
New Haven Division enables the Company to run accom¬ 
modation trains through to Springfield without change of 
cars. Boston express trains run through from New York to 
Boston without any change. The rolling stock is of the 
best, and the management is in every respect first-class, so 
that the traveler is sure of safety, speed, and comfort. The 
construction of the road was finished, and it was opened for 
travel as far as New Haven, in January, 1849, and the 
double track was laid in 1854. 

From New Rochelle the New Haven Division skirts the 
shore of Long Island Sound, affording a continuous succession 
of charming seaside views, and at every few miles it passes 
towns and villages famous for their manufactures or rural 
beauty. A large population along the line of the road de- 

13 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


pends upon New York for business, and the homes thus 
scattered along the shore give many glimpses of elegant and 
retired home-life. Spacious and comfortable summer hotels 
are open at every point of interest, and the tourist might well 
spend a month loitering along the line of this picturesque 
and charming road. 

The passenger by day should endeavor to secure a Seat on 
the right hand side of the car. This will give many fine 
views of the Sound between New Rochelle and New Haven, 
and on the river between Hartford and Windsor Locks. It 
is true this is the sunny side of the car, but in the summer 
time it is generally the breezy side, the windward side as a 
sailor would say, and decidedly the best, whether the shady 
side or not. 

On leaving the depot the train enters the track yards and 
passes under the iron bridges that connect the streets on 
either side of Fourth Avenue. Almost immediately the out¬ 
look and daylight are cut off by the darkness of the great 
tunnel extending under the street to Harlem. Central Park 
on the west, the fine buildings of the Woman’s Hospital, and 
Columbia College are passed, but in the darkness all these, 
and the vast city extending for more than fifty blocks north¬ 
ward, is lost to sight. The lamps, before unnoticed, give suf¬ 
ficient light for comfort, and in a very few moments the train 
breaks into the daylight again at 

HARLEM, 

New York City and County , 4 miles from Grand Central 
Depot. 

The numerous underground stations in the tunnel, that 
with their lamps flashed past so quickly, give place to an ex¬ 
tensive view over this rapidly growing portion of the city, its 
factories, mills, blocks of dwellings, and the steamers and 
pleasure craft in Harlem River. Off to the right is seen the 

14 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


buildings on Randall’s Island, and the whole scene is at once 
animated and interesting. A fine iron bridge, with a draw 
in the center, leads over the river, and we enter the district 
recently annexed to New York City from Westchester County. 

To the left on the river at Third Avenue is a new bridge 
joining the island to the mainland, and between Seventh and 
Eighth Avenues is the Central Bridge. Still further west is 
King’s Bridge, at the end of the Broadway extension, and 
High Bridge, a fine stone bridge carrying the Croton Aqueduct 
114 feet above the river. This bridge is an object of great 
interest, and being located among charming rural scenes is a 
noted place of resort. To reach it full directions may be 
obtained from Taintor's New York City Guide * 

The Harlem River was formerly known by the name of 
Spuyten Duyvil Creek, named from Washington Irving’s 
legend of the old Dutch trumpeter in the Knickerbocker. 
The western or upper part of the river where it unites with 
the Hudson is so called at this time. 

On crossing the river we enter a semi-rural district, and 
pass a succession of new and thriving villages that are rapidly 
spreading and joining, so that they will soon unite and form 
a continuous city northward from Harlem River. Mott 
Haven, Melrose and Morrisania stations are passed, and the 
short branch line extending a couple of miles to the south¬ 
east and Port Morris may be seen at the last station. In 
the next township, West Farms, we begin to escape the 
city houses, and after passing one or two minor stations pass 

WILLIAM’S BRIDGE, 

West Farms, Westchester Co., N. Y., 10£ miles from N. Y. 

Town Population , 9,372. 

This is the present northern limit of the City of New York, 
the dividing line between Westchester County and the city 
being just south of the station. 

15 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


The village is situated on both sides of the little Bronx 
River that may be seen near the station. The Bronx Valley 
extends northward from here, and makes a convenient path 
for the Harlem Railroad. It is here, among the groves on 
the western side of the stream, that Woodlawn Cemetery is 
located. It is tastefully laid out, has a picturesque site, and 
is one of the most attractive of the New York cemeteries. 
Nothing of the cemetery can be seen from the road except 
its local station, and to reach it full directions may be ob¬ 
tained from Taintofs New York City Guide. 

Presently the junction of the Harlem and New Haven 
Railroads is reached, and we leave the former, and without 
stopping enter the latter. The road turns sharply off to the 
south-east, and in a few moments we reach 

MOUNT VERNON, 

Eastchester , Westchester Co., N. Y., 13£ miles from N. Y. 

Village Population , 2,700. 

This is the. first of a long series of towns on the N. Y. & N. H. 
R. R., after it leaves the Harlem Junction, that are rapidly 
filling up with residents from New York, people who do 
business in the city, and have homes out on the line of the 
road. The road next crosses a valley and stream, running 
south into the Sound, known as Hutchinson’s Creek, and 
passes 

PELHAMVILLE, 

Pelham, Westchester Co., N Y, 15£ miles from N. Y. Town 
Population, 1,790. 

The village is at the northern end of the township, and on 
the east bank of the stream. The town itself was formerly 
a part of “ Pelham Manor,” which was purchased for the 
French Huguenots, who settled in this vicinity. After leaving 
the station, the road enters a strip of woods and comes to 

16 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


NEW ROCHELLE, 

New Rochelle, Westchester Go., N. 7., 17 miles from N. 7. 

Population of the village, 3,279 ; of the town , 3,915. 

Nothing of the village can be seen from the station, as the 
place fronts on the Sound, a short distance to the right. It 
is a pleasant place, and was incorporated in 1857, and origi¬ 
nally made a part of the Huguenot settlement that was made 
hereabouts in 1690. There are many private villas belonging 
to New York business people, and it is noted as the former 
residence of Thomas Paine. He died here in 1809, and was 
buried on his farm. His monument is still shown ; but the 
remains were removed to England by William Cobbett some 
years since. After passing the station, we have a distant 
view of Long Island Sound to the right, and then the pros¬ 
pect is closed in by the woods. 

LARCHMONT MANOR, 

Mamaroneck , Westchester Go., N. 7., 18£ miles from N. 7. 

This is a new station, designed to accommodate the rapidly 
increasing population settling along the road. The depot is 
in the woods, and there is a horse railroad leading away to 
the right towards the villages on the shore. 

MAMARONECK, 

Mamaroneck, Westchester Go., N. 7., 201 miles from AT. 7. 

Town Population , 1,483. 

The Mamaroneck River divides this township from Rye 
that lies next to the east, and the village is partly in both 
towns. It is rather widely scattered over the low hills on the 
banks of the stream, and is a growing and active place. 
This region possesses some historical interest from the fact 
that here, the day before the battle of White Plains, Colonel 
Smallwood surprised and cut off a large body of the enemy, 
under Major Rogers, stationed upon Nelson Hill. Colonel 
White, of the Continental Army, and some thirty stragglers 

17 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


who had taken refuge upon the ice, here lost their lives by 
being overtaken by a party under Lieutenant Dickford, about 
the same time. Just beyond the station, the railroad crosses 
the Mamaroneck River on an arched stone bridge, and enters 
the town of Rye. After passing a number of farms and 
some woodland, the train comes to 

HARRISON, 

Bye, Westchester Go., N. Y., 221 miles from N. Y. 

This is a new station, opened for the use of the city resi¬ 
dents, and has no special interest. The pretty village of 
Rye, on the east bank of Mockynams, or Blind Brook, soon 
comes into sight on the right. 

RYE, 

Bye, Westchester Co., N. Y., 241 miles from JY. Y. Town 
Population, 7,150. 

Rye Beach, a popular seaside resort, lies to the south-east 
about two miles, and may be easily reached from this sta¬ 
tion. Leaving Rye we enter a farming country, and soon 
come to 

PORT CHESTER, 

Bye, Westchester Go., JY. Y., 25£ miles from JY. Y. Village 
Population, 3,797. 

This is a lively and prosperous village on the west bank of 
Byram River, that forms the boundary line between the 
States of New York and Connecticut. The stream is navigable 
for small coastwise vessels to the town, and these, with the 
manufactories, bring considerable business to the place. 
There are a number of private schools, five churches, and 
several mills located here. Just beyond the station, the 
road crosses the river, and enters East Port Chester in Con¬ 
necticut. Good views of the Sound to the right are here ob¬ 
tained, and in a few moments to the left may be seen the 
village of 


18 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


GREENWICH, 

Greenwich, Fairfield Co., Conn., 28£• miles from N. Y. 

Town Population, 10,790. 

The valley that opens here gives a fine view to the right, 
over the Sound and the distant hills of Long Island, and of 
the village on the left. The road crosses the little stream, 
and enters the village that stands on the east bank. The 
stone spires of the two churches, and the many elegant resi¬ 
dences in the town, give the place an attractive appearance ; 
and its wide prospect over the water makes it a most agreea¬ 
ble place for a home. Just after leaving the station, the 
road passes a rock-cutting, that is interesting from the fact 
that it passes through the hill made historic by General 
Israel Putnam’s famous ride down its steep and rocky sides. 
There was a church at the top of the hill, and to reach it a 
long flight of stone steps had been laid, a hundred feet or 
more up the hillside. General Putnam, with a small party, 
had been stationed at the top of the hill in the hopes of 
checking the advance of the English under General Try on. 
Being outnumbered, he ordered his men to retreat into the 
swamp on the east. He waited till every man was safely 
away, and then, just as the troopers were upon him, he 
dashed on horseback down the steps and escaped unharmed, 
and with only a bullet hole in his hat by way of reminder. 
The English general was so pleased with the bravery of the 
daring ride that on the next exchange of prisoners he pre¬ 
sented General Putnam with a new suit of clothes and hat. 
Nothing remains now to mark the spot, except the name of 
“Put’s Hill” that still clings to the place. 

COS COB, 

Greenwich, Fairfield Co., Conn., 30 miles from JY. Y. 

This village is not in sight from the road, but a large num¬ 
ber of pleasant seaside villas may be noticed on the shore to 

19 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


the right. Just beyond the station, the road crosses the Mi-^ 
antus River upon a drawbridge about forty feet above the 
water. Good views may be obtained both up and down 
stream from the bridge, and from the new and pretty village 
on the east bank known as 

RIVERSIDE, 

Greenwich, Fairfield Go., Conn ., 30^ miles from N. Y. 

A constant succession of most charming views here open 
to the right. Glimpses of beach villas and gardens, and of 
the Sound and its constantly passing vessels, chain the at¬ 
tention till the houses thicken, and we near 

STAMFORD, 

Stamford, Fairfield Go., Gonn., 33f miles from N. Y. Town 
Population , 9,714. 

This is one of the most beautiful towns on the shores of 
the Sound. All express trains stop here, and a large num¬ 
ber of wealthy New York families make it their summer 
residence. The city is mainly located about half a mile 
north of the station, and has a large number of fine parks 
and drives. Only a few of its more elegant residences can 
be seen from the cars. Passengers for the New Canaan Rail¬ 
road change cars here. The large, high brick building stand¬ 
ing just north-east of the depot is the billiard table manu¬ 
factory of H. W. Collender, whose elegant and extensive 
warerooms at 738 Broadway, New York, are familiar to 
most New Yorkers. Mr. Collender’s “ Standard American 
Billiard Tables ” are unquestionably the finest made in this 
country, and are placed at the head of the list by both 
amateur and professional players. Some of the tables are 
exquisite specimens of art, highly ornamental and scientific 
in their construction. Various kinds of wood are used in 
the cases of the tables, which are finished in the natural 
wood, and in a great variety of designs. They are also 





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NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


famished with the 11 Collender Combination Cushion,” which 
Mr. Collender has himself invented and patented, and which 
is highly prized by both amateur and expert players. Mr. 
Collender also manufactures all kinds of billiard goods of 
the very finest quality of materials. His warerooms are a 
grand depot of all the requirements for either saloon or pri¬ 
vate tables, and they exhibit the largest and best variety of 
materials of this kind to be found in the United States. 
The Stamford, or Trone River furnishes water-power for the 
manufactures of the village, and a canal cut through the 
marshes enables vessels and steamers to reach the town. The 
river is crossed on a stone bridge that gives a good view of 
the Sound to the right, and then the road enters a pleasant 
farming district. The next station is 

NOROTON, 

Stamford , Fairfield Co., Conn., 37 i miles from _ZV. T. 

This is a farming place on the water side, and as we pass 
there is a momentary sight of the little village off to the 
right. 

DARIEN, 

Darien, Fairfield Co., Conn., 38£ miles from JY. Y. Town 
Population, 1,808. 

The village may be seen from the Sound to the right, per¬ 
haps half a mile away on the Good wife River. All this 
country affords lovely views of the shore and the Sound, and 
there is much to please the eye at every mile. 

FIVE MILE RIVER, 

Darien, Fairfield Co., Conn., 39 J miles from N. Y. 

Another village of seaside farms, and then, for several 
miles, the road runs through a quiet and rather pleasing 
country, and approaches 


21 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


SOUTH NORWALK, 

Norwalk, Fairfield Co., 43f miles from N. Y. Town Popu¬ 
lation, 12,119. 

The village that has grown up about the station is known 
as South Norwalk. Norwalk is about a mile and a half to 
the north, up the Norwalk River, and the two places are 
united by a horse railroad. The river here affords one of 
the largest and most valuable oyster farms on our coast, and 
the planting and care of this submarine crop gives employ¬ 
ment to over 500 people, and brings half a million of dollars 
into the town every year. The manufacture of straw hats 
is also a large interest, and gives employment to over 2,000 
hands. The streets are wide, well planted with trees, and 
there is a general air of neatness and comfort about the 
houses. There are nine churches in the two villages, and 
the hills on either side afford charming sites for private 
places. The factories and mills are substantial buildings, at 
once attractive and suggestive of prosperous industry. In 
every direction fine views are afforded of sea and shore. 
The Danbury and Norwalk Railroad here joins the New 
Haven Road, giving access to Danbury, some 24 miles 
to the north, and to the villages of Winnepauk, Kent, Wilton, 
Cannons, Georgetown, Ridgefield, Sanford’s, Redding, and 
Bethel. Norwalk was almost totally destroyed by the Brit¬ 
ish in July, 1779, causing a loss then estimated at $116,000. 
Just beyond the station the road crosses the Norwalk River 
on a drawbridge. This bridge was the scene of a great 
railroad disaster several years since, caused by an open draw. 
By a law passed by the Legislature of Connecticut in conse¬ 
quence of that accident, all trains now pause before crossing 
drawbridges in this State, as will be noticed at every navi¬ 
gable gtream we pass. After leaving the river many fine 
views may be observed on the right as the train skirts the 
borders of the Sound. The next station is 

22 


NEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


WESTPORT, 

Westport, Fairfield Go ., Conn ., 44\ miles from, N. Y. 

Town Population , 8,361. 

This active manufacturing village is not visible from the 
station, as it is located some two miles to the north, up the 
Saugatuck, or Westport River. It contains several cotton 
and other mills, eight churches, and a large number of stores. 
Coastwise vessels easily pass up the stream to the town. As 
the train crosses the river a fine view may be obtained to 
the right down the stream. The road soon enters a more 
level country, and the scenery becomes very interesting. 

GREEN’S FARMS, 

Westport, Fairfield Go., Gonn., 47£ miles from JV. Y. 

This is merely a farming place, only interesting on account 
of its charming site on the shore. Here the views of the 
Sound widen, and the low hills of Long Island fade away to 
the distant horizon, far to the south, giving the prospect a 
character at once peculiar and beautiful. 

SOUTHPORT, 

Fairfield, Fairfield Go., Gonn., 49 i miles from, N. Y. 

This farming village, with its pretty villas and fine public 
buildings spread out over its wide and level meadows be¬ 
tween the road and the shore, presents a most attractive 
appearance. It has a good harbor, and its people have a 
large shipping interest. It was within the limits of this 
town, in the old “ Pequot Swamp,” that the Pequot Indians 
made their last stand against the Massachusetts and Connec¬ 
ticut troops in 1637. 

FAIRFIELD, 

Fairfield , Fairfield Go., Gonn., 51 miles from N. Y. Town 
Population, 5,645. 

Danbury and Fairfield are the two county towns of Fair- 
field County. Fairfield village stands on a fertile plain south 

23 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


of the road, and about half a mile from the Sound. Its 
principal street is lined with handsome residences, and the 
place is a favorite summer resort. Just east of the village is 
Black Rock, one of the finest harbors on this coast. On the 
night of July 7, 1779, the entire village, then consisting of 
about 200 houses, was destroyed by the British, under Gen¬ 
eral Tryon, and in the midst of a violent thunder-storm. In 
a few moments after leaving these meadows and farms the 
train comes in sight of numerous mills and iron foundries, 
and we arrive at 


BRIDGEPORT, 

Fairfield GoConn., 55 i miles from N. T. City Population, 

18,969. 

As the train stops at the station the great shops of the 
Elias Howe Sewing-Machine Company, and the foundries of 
the Bridgeport Brass Company may be be seen near by, on 
the right, suggestive monuments to the business and enter¬ 
prise of this growing and prosperous city. Little of the city 
can be seen from the railroad, as the site is level and extends 
along the wide mouth of the Pequonnoc River, known as 
Bridgeport harbor. Farther to the north the land rises 
slightly, giving opportunity for many fine streets and ave¬ 
nues that are lined with the tasteful houses of an industrious 
people. Among these may be noticed the residence of the 
late Elias Howe, and the elegant home of P. T. Barnum. 
Manufactures are the chief interests, and among these may 
be mentioned the Wheeler and Wilson Sewing-Machine shops, 
employing 800 hands, and having a capacity of 200 machines 
a day, while the buildings cover acres of ground; the 
Hotchkiss Hardware Manufactory, the American Waterproof 
Co., the Simpson Waterproof Co., Pacific Arms Co., Spring 
Perch Co., Bridgeport Patent Leather Co., Union Metallic 
Cap and Cartridge Co., Williams Silk Co., Fred Wood Car 

24 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


riage Co., and a branch of the New Haven Arms Co., are the 
more noted of the many large manufacturing establishments 
located here. The city has two fine parks, Washington Park, 
on the east bank of the river, and Seaside Park, at the beach 
on the Sound. There are a number of fine churches and a 
large public library. The city has also the proud distinction 
of being the birth-place of Charles S. Stratton, commonly 
known as General Tom Thumb. Next to its manufactures 
Bridgeport owes its prosperity to its railroad connections. 
Two lines center here and drain the richest portion of the 
State. The Housatonic Railroad extends up the valley of 
that name into Massachusetts, and taps the Boston and Al¬ 
bany Railroad at Pittsfield, Mass. The Naugatuck, a shorter 
line, follows the New Haven Road to the mouth of the Hou¬ 
satonic River, and then turns north some 67 miles to Win- 
sted. The Housatonic Road brings the city in connection 
with the towns and cities of Stepney, Botsford, Newtown, 
Hawleyville, Brookfield, New Milford, Kent, Cornwall, 
Sharon, and Canaan, in Connecticut, and Ashley Falls, Shef¬ 
field, Great Barrington, Van Deusenville, Stockbridge, Lee, 
Lenox, and Pittsfield, in Massachusetts. At Canaan it con¬ 
nects with the Connecticut Western Railroad, running from 
Hartford, Conn., to Millerton, N. Y., on the Harlem R. R.; 
at Van Deusenville with a short road to State line on the 
B. and A. R. R. ; and at Pittsfield with the Boston and Al¬ 
bany Railroad. 

The Naugatuck Railroad places Bridgeport in connection 
with Orange, Derby, Ansonia, Seymour, Naugatuck, Union 
City, Waterbury, Waterville, Watertown, Plymouth, Har- 
winton, Litchfield, Torrington, Burrville, and Winsted. At 
Winsted it connects with the Connecticut Western Railroad, 
running from Hartford, Conn., to Millerton, N. Y., on the 
Harlem R. R., and at Waterbury with the Hartford, Provi- 

2 25 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


dence, and Fishkill R. R., running from Waterbury, Conn., to 
Hartford, Conn., and Providence, R. I. 

After crossing the river our route enters a level farming 
district, and presently passes the pretty village of 

STRATFORD, 

Stratford, Fairfield Go., Conn., 59i miles from N. Y. Town 
Population , 3,032. 

This place has some historical note as the birth-place and 
residence of General Wooster, of Revolutionary fame. The 
next place of interest is the Housatonic River. Here the road 
crosses the river on a large truss-bridge, and good views are 
afforded both up and down stream. 

NAUGATUCK JUNCTION 

Is merely the junction of the two roads and has no special 
interest. A more hilly and wooded country follows, with 
occasional views of the Sound, now so wide that the hills of 
Long Island seem to fade away on the horizon, dim and blue 
in the distance, and giving a most charming aspect to the 
prospect. A more level tract leads to the neighborhood of 

MILFORD, 

Milford, New Haven Co., Conn., 63f miles from N. Y. Town 
Population, 3,405. 

At the Housatonic River we entered this township and the 
county of New Haven, and nearing this village we come 
closer to the seashore and have a glimpse of some of the 
broad, elm-lined streets of this rural town and of its excellent 
harbor. The Wopowang River here gives a good water¬ 
power that has been applied to the manufacture of straw 
goods. There are five churches, a number of stores, and a 
high-school building of some importance. After crossing the 
river a farming district is entered, and the road passes the 
small rural stations of Woodmont and West Haven. 

26 



ELLIOTT HOUSE, 


NEW HAVEN, CONN., 


in. SAUNDERS, - Proprietor, 


Is now Open for the Eeception of Guests. 


The Elliott House is pleasantly situated on Chapel Street, corner of 
Olive, is entirely new, has all the modern improvements, and is First-Class in 
all its Appointments. 

PRIVATE PARLORS, ROOMS IN SUITS, 

BAT H R O O ME S , Sc c. 9 See. 


The proprietor having for the last fourteen years acted in the capacity 
of Superintendent of the New Haven House, fully understands the require¬ 
ments of Hotel patrons, and will endeavor to make the Elliott House in every 
respect equal to the expectations of the present time. Special inducements to 
Commercial Travelers. Respectfully, A. F. SAUNDERS. 





















































































































CONNECTICUT RIYER ROUTE. 


NEW HAVEN, 

New Haven Co., Conn. Population of City, 55,000. 73 

miles from N. Y, Hotels , New Haven House , Tontine , 
EUiott, Tremont. 

T HE fine new station built on the very edge of the bay is 
of brick with a French roof, and having iron covered 
platforms extending along the track. The entire platform is 
enclosed by a high fence, and quite excluding it from the 
street. None but passengers are allowed within the depot 
and grounds, and there is less noise - , confusion, and disorder, 
than is common in American railroad stopping-places. 

The visitor is no longer landed in a cellar, but alights on 
an immense platform, fronting directly upon the sea, and giv¬ 
ing a really beautiful view of the bay. New Haven is a city 
well worth visiting, and a day or more may be profitably 
spent in examining its classic fields and elm-shaded streets. 
Here the traveler may be warned that, though there is a 
place provided for keeping his small luggage and parcels in 
the depot while he visits the town, he will be expected to 
pay for it. The Elliott House is a new and excellent hotel, 
on the comer of Chapel and Olive Streets, kept by Mr. A. F. 
Saunders, for sixteen years connected with the New Haven 
House, and who thoroughly understands the requisites of a 
first-class hotel. Travelers will be well pleased with the hos¬ 
pitality and accommodations of this neat hotel. 

New Haven is one of the most beautiful cities of New 
England or the United States. It derives its striking fea¬ 
tures from the enormous elm-trees that line its every street, 
and which interlock their luxuriant branches in graceful 
arches over the beautiful avenues of this classic city. The 

28 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


streets are laid out very regularly ; but the various groups 
of blocks do not fit in every direction, and the result gives 
a variety and picturesqueness to the city that is very pleas¬ 
ing. Everywhere stand the overarching elms that have 
made New Haven famous. Each house attempts a garden, 
and these with the trees give the impression of a city in the 
country. An hour’s walk from the depot will show all the 
principal features of interest, and give a very fair idea of the 
town and its surroundings. From the depot two streets may 
be seen leading over the old marsh that is now being filled up 
between the houses and the new station. Taking the road 
to the right we enter State Street, the chief business thor¬ 
oughfare. This street extends from the water at Long 
wharf north-easterly through the business part of the city. 
At the second block is Chapel Street, the main thoroughfare 
extending east and west through the entire town. Turning 
to the left we enter the great retail business street. The 
Yale, Tradesmen’s, City, Townsend’s and First National 
Banks, and Exchange Hall are passed, and then we come to 
the great public square, the pride of New Haven. This park 
is planted with grass, and lined on every side by noble elms. 
The beautiful nave-like Temple Street crosses the square in 
the center, and the buildings of Yale College face its western 
limit. Three large churches stand in the square, the first 
from Chapel Street being Trinity, the second the Center Con¬ 
gregational, and the third the North Congregational Church; 
and behind them is the old marble State House, now unoc¬ 
cupied since the selection of Hartford as the sole capital of 
the State. Behind Center Church is the grave of John 
Dixwell, surrounded by a square iron railing. The City 
Hall and the Tontine Hotel face the park on the east, and 
the New Haven House on the south, while fine stores or 
handsome dwellings surround it on every side. Very few 
cities in this country can present such a group of public and 

29 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


educational buildings as are here gathered round this shady 
park. The Insurance building on the left offers a good 
lookout from its roof, and it is well worth while to take a 
trip up in the elevator to the top. Here, the whole city is 
spread like a map before us. The ancient halls of the college 
are just below, half hid among the trees. Chapel Street may 
be seen extending directly through the town, while in every 
direction spread the roofs and steeples and elms. To the 
north, the two ragged bluffs known as the West Rock and 
East Rock, intrude upon the city and divide it into three val¬ 
leys. The houses fill each of these, and on the south the Bay, 
Mill River, and Quinnipiac River divide the city into capes, so 
that it is curiously spread out into radial arms or branches 
that from this high lookout seem wonderfully picturesque. 
The top of the tower of the New City Hall also affords a de- 
lightfull lookout. West Haven on the south-west, Westville on 
the north-west, and Fair Haven on the east make the suburbs, 
and with the harbor, the Sound, and the distant shores of 
Long Island, fill up the beautiful picture on the south. This 
view is one of the finest city prospects in the country, and 
every visitor should make a point of seeing it. Returning to 
Chapel Street we may walk to the left, glancing through the 
beautifully arched Temple Street running through the square 
past the New Haven House to the College Square. The 
pleasantest view of the college buildings, and grounds may 
be obtained by walking along the west side of College Street, 
in front of the older brick dormitories of colonial style and 
dignity, passing in order South College, Atheneum, South 
Middle, Lyceum, North Middle, the old Chapel, and North 
College, when we find the new Farnam Hall intercepting our 
view. At this point we may best enter the grounds, and 
turning to the right shall face the fronts of the new Farnam 
Hall, the Memorial Chapel, at the comer of the Quadrangle, 
Durfee Hall, on the Elm Street side, just west of the new 

30 


NEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


chapel, and farther west on the York Street side, fronting 
towards the grounds, is Alumni Hall. Pursuing our walk 
south towards Chapel Street, we pass in the rear of the old 
dormitory buildings on our left, while Trumbull Gallery 
appears on our right, with the Library Building at its rear. 
Beyond Trumbull Gallery, now the College Treasury, is the 
old Museum and Laboratory, two very high, plain buildings; 
and on the corner of Chapel and York Streets is the Yale Art 
Building, presented to the College by Mr. Augustus Street, 
of New Haven, father-in-law of Admiral Foote. This is one 
of the most beautiful of all Yale’s buildings, and is fast being 
supplied with a large collection of valuable works of art. 

Just east of the Art Building in the college grounds 
stands a bronze statue of Abraham Pierson, first President 
of Yale College. Turning into High Street to the right, 
around the Art Building, we may see, at the rear of the 
Library across High Street, the College Gymnasium, and 
at the south-west comer of High and Elm Streets the 
tall new Peabody Museum. Turning to the right into 
Elm Street, we pass the side of Alumni Hall, the rear of 
Durfee Hall, and the Memorial Chapel on our right, and on 
our left the brick buildings of the Yale Theological Seminary, 
at the comer of College and Elm Streets. We now advise 
our tourist to turn to the left into College Street, and pur¬ 
sue his walk two blocks to the Yale Sheffield Scientific 
School, at the head of College Street, on Grove Street. 

Just to the left of the Sheffield Hall is Prospect Avenue, 
on which stands the new Scientific Building. To the right 
of the Sheffield Hall is Hillhouse Avenue, named in honor of 
James Hillhouse, who planted with his own hands the elm 
forest which now beautifies the whole city with such grace¬ 
ful splendor, and whose ancient residence is at the head of 
this elegant and aristocratic avenue. Mr. Sheffield’s resi¬ 
dence is just beside the Sheffield Hall at the foot of the 

31 


CONNECTICUT RIYER ROUTE. 


Hillhouse Avenue. Passing up through the avenue we may 
pursue our walk by turning to the right through a short, 
narrow street leading into Whitney Avenue, a long, wide, 
and very beautiful avenue, extending north for two miles 
and lined with magnificent villas on each side as far as 
Whitneyville, the location of the Whitney Rifle Works, 
owned by Mr. Whitney, from whom the avenue is named. 

Court and Elm Streets lead from the Square to State 
Street, and give access to the Tremont House, Masonic 
Temple, and other important buildings. The Yale Law 
School is on the comer of Court and Church Streets, and 
the Medical College is in York west of Chapel Street. At 
the corner of Elm and State Street, G-rand Street leads 
through the city and over Mill River to Fair Haven. 

Fair Haven is a new and very pleasant suburb, surrounded 
by Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers, and worth a short visit if one 
has time. Chapel Street also extends over Mill River to 
Fair Haven. At the bridge on the Fair Haven side is the 
new Yale boat-house, one of the finest structures of the 
kind in the country. 

Down the New Haven Bay, about tliree miles on the east 
side, is Fort Hale, and two miles further on, at the entrance 
of the harbor, is the light-house. Opposite the light-house, 
on the west side of the bay, is Savin Rock, a celebrated 
resort, where is situated the fine Sea View Hotel-; it is 
about three miles from the center of the city and is a pleas¬ 
ant drive, or may be reached by horse cars in about fifty min¬ 
utes, from comer of Chapel and Church Streets. East and 
West Rocks are two noted landmarks, one on the east, the 
other on the west side of the city, about three miles distant. 
They are each about 400 feet high, and are supposed to be 
the real terminus of the Green Mountain range. They are 
,much frequented. On West Rock is the “Judge’s Cave,” 
where the Judges of King Charles I. found shelter from 

32 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


pursuit. On the rock inclosing the cave is carved, “Oppo¬ 
sition to tyrants is obedience to God.” Westville, at the 
base of the rock, is a manufacturing village of about 2,000 
inhabitants. The old railroad depot is near Chapel and 
State Streets, and the shipping and steamboat landings may 
be found from Long Wharf at the foot of State Street to 
Tomlinson’s Bridge along Water Street. The chief manufac¬ 
turing interest is the making of carriages, and there is a 
good coastwise trade carried on in the port. New Haven has 
a population of 55,000, and has nearly forty churches. The 
place was first settled by a wealthy party of exiled Londoners 
in 1638, and has always been a prosperous and successful 
town. Yale College, the foremost in the country, was 
founded in 1700, at Say brook, and was removed to this city 
in 1716. 

Besides the memories that cluster around Old Yale, New 
Haven has been the residence and home of a large number of 
eminent men. The old cemetery on Grove Street contains 
the graves of the distinguished in public and private life. 
Among them are those of Roger Sherman, one of the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence; of Noah Webster, the 
author of Webster’s Dictionary ; of Presidents Stiles and 
Dwight, of Yale College ; Chauncey A. Goodrich ; Eli Whit¬ 
ney, inventor of the cotton-gin; of Benjamin Silliman, the 
father of physical science in this country; of Admiral Foote 
and Theodore Winthrop, and of Lyman Beecher (said to be 
the “ father of more brains than any other man in America ”). 
New Haven has furnished Connecticut with governors, 
United States senators and representatives, military heroes, 
and large numbers of men, honored both at home and abroad. 
Here John Davenport preached to the early settlers under an 
ancient elm, and many a Revolutionary hero has left the 
impress of his feet beneath its classic shades. • 

Col. John Dixwell, one of the ‘ ‘ Judges ” of King Charles I., 

2* 33 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


lived for a long time in New Haven. His remains lie buried 
in the square back of the Center Congregational Church, in 
the little inclosure surrounded by an iron fence. 

Any traveler who has never visited this most beautiful of 
New-England cities will do well to pause here for a time, 
though it be simply to recall the historic reminiscences 
which gather about it. The peculiar characteristics which 
it presents, of city and country combined, render it without 
a superior in the number and variety of its attractions. 

Railroad Connections. 

The Shore Line from Boston, Providence and New Lon¬ 
don, the Air Line from Willimantic and Middletown, the New 
Haven and Derby, the New Haven and Northampton, and the 
New York and New Haven Roads, all meet in this city, and 
give easy access to New York, Boston, Springfield, and all 
parts of Connecticut and Rhode Island. 

34 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


Hartford and Springfield Division of the 
New York and New Haven Railroad. 

T HIS division of this great railroad line extends northward 
from New Haven, and, dividing the State into two nearly 
equal parts, reaches Springfield near the southern border of 
Massachusetts. It first follows the valley of the Quinnipiac 
River to the high land at Meriden, and then down into the 
broader valley of the Connecticut to Hartford. Here it fol¬ 
lows the west bank to Windsor Locks, crosses to the east 
bank, and reaches Springfield. It forms part of the great 
trunk line to New York, and connects the city with Boston 
and the East, and the great valley northward through Ver¬ 
mont and New Hampshire to Montreal and the Dominion of 
Canada. The local business of the road is large, and its en¬ 
tire length is thickly settled by a farming and manufacturing 
population that by its extensive and varied labors has made 
the State famous. The scenery in the Connecticut Valley is 
very pleasing, and the route is full of interest to the commer¬ 
cial traveler and the tourist. Its connections are numerous 
and important. At Hartford it crosses the'New York and 
New England Railroad, now being extended to Fishkill on 
the Hudson and crossing Connecticut from east to west and 
touching the important cities of Willimantic and Plainfield, in 
Connecticut, Providence and Woonsocket, in Rhode Island, 
and Blackstone, in Massachusetts. On the west the same line 
opens up a fine manufacturing district, including the towns 
of New Britain, Plainfield, and Waterbury. 

At Springfield the Boston and Albany leads west to Albany 
and the great West, and east to Boston, the great railroad 
center of New England. The Connecticut River Road at 

35 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Springfield forms the continution of our route to the White 
Mountains. At Berlin Junction short branches lead to New 
Britain and Middletown, Ct. 

After leaving New Haven the road enters a level, marshy 
district, of no particular interest till it nears 

NORTH HAVEN, 

North Haven, New Haven CoConn., 79 miles from N. Y. 
Town Population , 1,771. 

This is merely a small village on the Quinnipiac, and chiefly 
important for its brick-vards, whose picturesque sheds and 
blazing fires flit past the car-window in monotonous proces¬ 
sion. Then a more hilly country is reached, with numerous 
farms, and on a hill to the right may be seen the manufac¬ 
turing village of 

WALLINGFORD, 

Wallingford, New Haven Co., Conn., 84 miles from N. Y. 

Town Population, 3,076. 

The location of this place is peculiar, and from the road it 
presents a picturesque aspect. It contains a manufactory of 
G-erman silver-ware and buttons, and is a fine sample of a 
thriving New England town. A short distance to the right is 
a branch of the Oneida Community, located on a fine farm 
held in common by the members of the commune. Con¬ 
cerning this and other associations of a like character, much 
may be learned from Nordhoff’s recent book on the Commu¬ 
nistic Societies in this country. From Wallingford the coun¬ 
try-is sandy, and, though covered with farms, has little of 
interest to us. The country gradually grows more hilly as 
we pass 

YALESVILLE, 

"Wallingford, New Haven Co., Conn. 87 miles from N. Y. 

The village is devoted to the manufacture of britannia and 

36 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


hardware, and is not in sight from the station. A few miles 
brings us to the city of 

MERIDEN, 

New Haven Co., Conn. 90 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 10,495. 

This city, located on the two hills on both sides of the rail¬ 
road, was incorporated in 1867, and is now one of the most 
active and prosperous in the State. Manufactures are the 
ruling interest, managed by more than fifty different compa¬ 
nies and firms, and turning out large quantities of piano and 
organ keys, combs, house trimmings, skirts, hardware, lamps, 
cutlery, and britannia and plated ware. The chief of these 
is the Meriden Britannia Company, whose main building, 
466x40, may be seen close to the track on the right. In ad¬ 
dition to this fine building, the Company has three more large 
shops, and in them employs a force of four hundred men. 
The basis of the manufacture of the Meriden Britannia 
Company is nickel, albata, and white metal. Upon these 
substances the electro-plating is done by a process which 
gives a silver or gold finish, as the case may be, of the most 
enduring character. 

We append a fine notice which recently appeared in 

The Jewelers' Circular : 

“ The Meriden Britannia Company, whose New York store 
is at 550 Broadway, was organized some thirty years ago. 
At that date little was known of electro-plating in this coun¬ 
try. That process has revolutionized the trade. It has 
substituted for the old goods the elegant modern productions 
made of hard metal and coated with pure silver. The com¬ 
pany has, however, adhered to a name made honorable by a 
long period of business success. That success may be ap¬ 
proximately estimated when we state that from a small 
beginning it has grown until its annual sales reach three 
million dollars, with seven factories, the largest, at West 

37 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Meriden, Connecticut, being about seven hundred feet long. 
To-day it manufactures more pieces of plated ware and uses 
more nickel-silver annually than all other manufacturers in 
the United States. Its ingenious workmen have devised a 
method by which those portions of certain articles of table¬ 
ware most exposed to attrition shall receive a much greater 
thickness of silver than the parts less liable to wear. Thus 
the points of forks and spoons and those portions which 
naturally come in contact with substances calculated to 
denude them of their precious covering, are protected by a 
silver film three times as thick as other parts receive. That 
this method of plating is practicable and successful is attest¬ 
ed by the judges of the American Institute for 1873, who 
carefully examined the goods and declared that they were 
probably the best of their kind made in the world. The 
public will not be surprised to learn that this company is now 
shipping its wares, on orders, to France and other portions 
of Europe. The best foreign dealers appreciate the graceful 
designs and good workmanship of these American goods.” 

The city has two papers, two banks, five churches, and one 
academy ; while to the north of the city is the State Reform 
School, an excellent institution of its kind. As the train 
leaves the city a better view of the place is obtained, and 
among the buildings to the left may be seen the Reform 
School. A more hilly country is next entered. To the right 
is a range of bold hills, and the first signs of the red sand¬ 
stone formation that extends northward for a long distance 
through this part of the country may be seen among them, 
and presenting to the traveler many points of geological in¬ 
terest. Then it will be noticed that the brooks and small 
streams are flowing the other way, and the road has a down, 
grade. This is the high ridge bounding the Connecticut val¬ 
ley, and from the high land we are crossing the spires of New 
Britain may be seen off to the left. The train next stops at 

38 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


BERLIN JUNCTION, 

Berlin , Hartford Co ., Conn ., 98 miles from N. T. Town 
Population , 2,486. 

Berlin is a small manufacturing village, at a short distance 
from the junction of the two branch roads that turn off here, 
one two miles and a half north-west, to New Britain, and the 
other ten miles south-east, to Middletown. Tinware, car¬ 
riages, and hardware are the chief interests. 


NEW BRITAIN 

is a successful manufacturing place, and turns out large quan¬ 
tities of locks, house trimmings, builders’ hardware, jewelry, 
hooks and eyes, harness trimmings and general hardware. 
There is no water-power, and steam takes its place. The 
town is supplied with water from a reservoir 200 feet above 
its level, giving sufficient pressure to supersede steam fire-en- 
engines. 


MIDDLETOWN, 

a city of about 10,000 inhabitants and a steamboat landing 
for the New York and Hartford boats on the Connecticut, 
occupies a commanding position on the west bank of the river. 
The great number of the trees in the streets have given it the 
name of the ‘ 1 Forest City,” and its hills are covered with fine 
and costly residences and gardens. The custom-house and 
court-house are buildings of interest in the city. The Wes¬ 
leyan University and the State Asylum for the Insane in the 
suburbs are noticeable institutions. Manufactures are the 
leading interest. Opposite the city are the famous Port¬ 
land quarries of freestone. The quality of this building 
stone is superior, and its quarrying and export give employ¬ 
ment to 800 men, 800 horses and oxen, and some 40 vessels. 

39 




CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Next beyond Berlin Junction comes some rolling farming 
lands and tbe station of 

NEWINGTON, 

Wethersfield, Hartford Co., Conn., 103 miles from N. Y. 

Town Population, 2,693. 

More farms follow this village, and then the attractive sub¬ 
urbs of Hartford appear. Pleasant semi-rural villages, scat¬ 
tered among groves and streams, and distant views of the 
city, excite the admiration of the traveler. The houses thicken 
into blocks, the gardens grow to a park, near the station most 
promising glimpses of the city are obtained, and the brakeman 


announces 


40 




NEW STATE CAPITOL, HARTFORD, CT. 










































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































I 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


HARTFOKD, 

Hartford Co., Ct., 108 miles from Hew York. City Popula¬ 
tion, 37,783. Hotels, Allyn House, United States, and City 
Hotels. 


H ARTFORD is the capital of the State of Connecticut, 
and is probably the wealthiest city of its size in the 
United States. It is situated on the west bank of the Con¬ 
necticut River, 50 miles from its mouth and Long Island 
Sound, at the head of sloop navigation. The site of the city 
is elevated, and its surface somewhat broken and irregular, 
and is divided by the narrow valley of Park River, that flows 
into the Connecticut from the west. Wide meadows above 
and below the city and on the opposite side of the river give 
it extensive views over the neighboring country, and the lib¬ 
eral use of trees and gardens make the interior agreeable 
and healthful. 

The city is for the most part regularly laid out, and has 
many fine streets running parallel with the river, which are 
intersected at right angles by streets running from east to 
west. It is compactly built, and is mostly of brick and free¬ 
stone. Asylum Street leads directly to the left from the sta¬ 
tion into the center of the town. It contains many of the 
best business blocks of the city, and a large wholesale busi¬ 
ness is transacted on this street. Passing up Asylum Street 
towards the center of the city, we find the Allyn House, a 
fine brownstone building on the comer of Asylum and Trum¬ 
bull Streets, with Allyn Hall by its side. Main Street ex¬ 
tends north and south through the city, and makes the 
chief thoroughfare. It reaches from the northern to the 
southern extremity of the city, dividing it into nearly equal 

41 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


parts, and contains many of the :public buildings, churches, 
and retail stores, and some of the most magnificent insurance 
offices in the country. Turning from Asylum Street to the 
right on Main Street, the old State House will be seen oppo¬ 
site, with the new Post-Office at its rear, and, on the comer 
of Pearl Street, the immense stone building of the Connecti¬ 
cut Mutual Life Insurance Company. A short distance be¬ 
yond, on the east side of the main street, is the brownstone 
building of iEtna Insurance Company and the large granite 
building of the Charter Oak Life Insurance Company. Main 
Street is the chief retail street, and for about a mile in either 
direction is occupied by a very good class of stores. 

State Street leads from Main Street, opposite Asylum, to 
the Connecticut Biver and the steamboat landings on the 
river, and makes one of the wholesale business streets. Turn¬ 
ing to the right down Pearl Street, the visitor will pass the 
Pearl Street Congregational Church and the unique brick 
building of the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company; on the 
right and at the corner of Ann Street, the granite building 
owned by the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, opposite 
which is the printing-office of Case, Lockwood & Brainard. 
Ann Street, to the right, leads to Asylum Street, opposite the 
Allyn House. Main, State, Pearl, Ann, Trumbull, and Asylum 
Streets are the principal business streets, and, having passed 
them, we may go on down Asylum Street to the Park. This 
Park, comprising some 47 acres, formed a part of the old 
Trinity College grounds, and is now public property. Cross¬ 
ing the railroad, we may keep on up the hill to Farmington 
Avenue, and have a good sample, of Hartford home lif e. 
The houses here are of elegant design, and each is surrounded 
by its garden and pleasure-grounds. The streets are lined 
with trees, and present many attractions in every direction. 
Turning to the left, through Broad Street, a good view will 
be obtained of the city and many of the larger public educa- 

42 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


tional and charitable institutions. A bridge leads over the 
Park River to College Street, and gives a view of the more 
recent portions of the city. 

THE PARK 

Contains 30 acres, which cost, in purchasing and laying 
out, over $270,000. Park River, which is on the northern 
boundary of the Park, is crossed by several stone bridges. 

The New State House is being built on the brow of the 
hill, and overlooking the city. This is to be one of the most 
costly and elaborate public buildings in the country, and is 
well worth a visit, though it may be several years before it is 
finished. The bronze statue in front of the State House rep¬ 
resents Bishop Brownell, and the statue a short distance to 
the right is a life-size figure of General Israel Putnam. Good 
walks lead through the park, and afford excellent views of 
the buildings and dwellings that surround it on every side. 
Keeping on to the south of the New State House, we pass 
the old brownstone buildings of Trinity College, and enter 
Washington Street, lined with beautiful residences, and justly 
the pride of the city, as a street for residence. Turning to 
the left, we may soon reach South Main Street, at the junc¬ 
tion of Wethersfield and Maple Avenues. Mrs. Colt’s resi¬ 
dence, the most elegant in the city, is a short distance to the 
south, on Wethersfield Avenue. To the left of the junction 
we may enter Wyllis Street, leading to the river, near the 
celebrated Colt's Armory Works. At the foot of the hill 
is one of the most beautiful Gothic churches in this country. 
It was built by Mrs. Colt, in memory of her husband, Colonel 
Samuel Colt. At the river is the vast dyke erected by Col. 
Colt, to keep the annual freshets from covering his extensive 
factories. This dyke encloses 23 acres of meadow that would 
be otherwise useless, and cost $80,000. It was originally 
built by Col. Colt, but the city afterwards paid a part of the 

43 



COLT’S ARMORY, Hartford, Conn. 








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


expense, on account of the great value of the territory re¬ 
claimed from the river. The factories of the Colt Company 
are among the finest in the country, and have supplied arms 
to every government in the world. A walk may be taken on 
top of the dyke entirely round the great meadow, but it is a 
long and somewhat uninteresting walk. Returning to Weth¬ 
ersfield Avenue, Col. Colt’s former residence may be seen. 
It is still maintained just as he left it, and makes one of the 
most interesting and beautiful private places in Connecticut. 

Charter Oak Place is a very beautiful and quite retired 
avenue, running from Charter Oak to Wyllis Streets. It 
commands a beautiful view of the Connecticut River and 
Valley and the extensive works of Colt’s Armory with its 
surroundings. The site of the famous Charter Oak is marked 
by a marble slab at the north end of this “Place.” 

BUSINESS. 

Hartford is favorably situated for manufactures, trade, and 
commerce. There are about 24 incorporated companies here, 
having $8,000,000, engaged in commercial and manufacturing 
enterprises. The most important articles of manufacture 
are fire-arms and hardware of various kinds. Sharp's Rifle 
Factory may be seen from the car windows, east of the rail¬ 
road, on the outskirts of the city, as we approach from the 
south. The celebrated Sharp’s Rifles that have been so suc¬ 
cessful in the late International Rifle Contest with the Irish 
riflemen, are made here. Colt's Armory is located on the 
bank of the Connecticut River. It is the largest arms man¬ 
ufactory in this country, and makes immense quantities of 
military arms for foreign governments, as well as for our own 
domestic market. A fine view of it is obtained from 
the boats on the river, or from Charter Oak Place, in the 
south part of the city. The Woven Wire Mattress Company 
manufacture a peculiar and unique mattress, that has become 

44 



CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO’S BUILDING, 
(Corner Main and Peurl Streets, Hartford, Conn.} 



























NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


one of the most popular of the numerous styles of spring 
mattresses that have been put upon our market. As an ar¬ 
ticle of sale and general use, the wire mattress was, four 
years ago, comparatively unknown and unheard of. Against 
many obstacles, both on the part of the public and the trade, 
some real, some imaginary, it has made its way into popular 
favor, until now we believe it to be the standard bed of the 
country. This result has been attained not because it com¬ 
bines ALL the excellences of every other bed manufactured, 
but because it has more advantages than any one article of 
this class of household goods. The sale is already enormous, 
and a large factory is now required to supply the market with 
these mattresses. 

But it is in Insurance that Hartford excels all other cities 
of this country, except the great metropolis of New York. 
The enormous sum of over one hundred millions of dollars is 
devoted to this one branch of business in this city of 40,000 
population. The reputation of Hartford insurance companies 
as a body is unequaled in this country for sound financial 
basis, just dealings, and economical and efficient management. 
Among the many, we mention a few that have become al¬ 
most household names in our business and domestic circles: 
The iEtna Fire, Hartford Fire, Phoenix Fire, companies that 
stood the test of the disastrous conflagrations of Chicago and 
Boston in 1871, and paid their enormous losses promptly and 
fully. The Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company is 
the largest Life Company in New England, and the largest 
but one in the United States. It occupies the magnificent 
building on the corner of Main and Pearl Streets, the most 
ornate and beautiful business building in Hartford. This 
company was organized in 1845, and has been eminently suc¬ 
cessful since its formation, and its business has steadily in¬ 
creased until, on January 1, 1875, its assets were over $40,- 
000,000, and it has policies in force to the enormous sum of 

45 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


$185,366,633. This company has always managed its affairs 
upon the most honorable and just basis. 

The Charter Oak Life Insurance Company is another of 
Hartford’s stable and substantial trust institutions. It 
owns and occupies the largest business building in Hartford, 
a magnificent granite structure of beautiful architecture, 
situated on South Main Street. 



CHARTER OAK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY’S BUILDING. * 

This company enjoys an excellent reputation for stability 
and economy in its management, and has aided in establish¬ 
ing that high reputation which Hartford insurance compa¬ 
nies enjoy. Its assets are over $13,500,000, and its annual 
income over $4,000,000. 

The Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company was organized 
in 1851, and has by judicious management attained a high 
degree of prosperity. Its assets exceed $10,000,000, and its 
business associations have extended throughout the entire 
country. 


46 



















NEW YORK TO WIHTE MOUNTAT! S. 


The JEtna Life is another large company whose assets 
exceed $20,000,000, and whose annual income is over 
$ 6 , 000 , 000 . 

The TravelerInsurance Company is the largest accident 
insurance company in the world, and has enjoyed a highly 
successful career under its present management. It has out¬ 
stripped all other accident companies in accident insurance, 
and also has established a large and successful life depart¬ 
ment. It is one of the most flourishing insurance com¬ 
panies of this eminently insurance city. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

The old State House , erected in 1792, is one of the important 
public buildings. It is in the Doric'order, 114 feet by 76, and 
54 feet high. In the State Library are preserved many let¬ 
ters from the kings of England. The oldest, written in 1666, 
bears the autograph of Charles II. In the Senate Chamber 
are many fine paintings. Among these are one of Washing¬ 
ton, by Stuart, and those of all the Governors of the State, 
from Governor Winthrop to the present time. The celebrated 
Hartford Convention was held in this room. The New State 
Capitol in the park—now in process of construction—is de¬ 
signed to be one of the most elegant buildings in this coun¬ 
try. The City HaU , fronting on Market Square, is a hand¬ 
some building of Grecian architecture, containing the police 
court-room, a large hall for public purposes, and the city 
market. 

BENEVOLENT AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS 

Of the city are well organized, and are justly its pride. The 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum , standing just within the western 
limits of the city, on Asylum Street, is the finest institution 
of the kind ever established in the United States. Rev. 
Mr. Gallaudet, LL.D., who went to Europe in 1816, for the 

47 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


purpose of ascertaining the best method of imparting in- . 
struction to the deaf and dumb, brought home with him M. 
Lauret Clerc, a deaf-mute, who had won great success as a 
teacher in Paris, under Abbe Sicard. Under his direction 
the institution has risen rapidly into public favor. The 
average number of pupils at present is 220. The Insane He- 
treat , founded in 1822, is in the south-west part of the city, 
on a gentle elevation, commanding an extensive and most 
beautiful prospect. The buildings are surrounded with 17 
acres of ground, finely ornamented with walks, shade-trees, 
and shrubbery. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Trinity College (Episcopal) is on the east side of the rail¬ 
road, and a little removed from the center of the city. It is 
richly endowed, and offers good advantages to students. The 
Theological Seminary, formerly at East Windsor Hill, has 
been permanently removed to this city, and is located on 
Prospect Street. The Connecticut Historical Society has a 
library of 5,000 volumes, and a great number of ancient docu¬ 
ments and manuscripts. The Young Men's Institute has a 
library of 10,000 volumes. The Watkinson Library is in¬ 
tended for reference, no books being drawn. An endow¬ 
ment of $100,000 was left by David Watkinson, Esq., for 
the purpose of establishing this library. It was first opened 
in 1866. The Wadsworth Athenaeum on Main Street, con¬ 
tains some valuable relics. Among these are a chest from 
the Mayflower , Miles Standish’s dinner-pot, Benedict Ar¬ 
nold’s watch, General Putnam’s tavern-sign, and sword car¬ 
ried by him at Bunker Hill, a link of the chain stretched 
across the Hudson at West Point during the Revolution, 
bomb-shells thrown into Stonington, Nathan Hale’s pow¬ 
der-horn, etc. The “ Old Charter Oak,” so long an object 
of interest to visitors, is now dead. Parts of it are preserved 

48 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


in the library. The site of the old tree is marked by a mar¬ 
ble tablet on Charter Oak Place in the south part of the city. 

Hartford is the residence of many persons who have gamed 
distinction in literature and politics. Among these are Pro¬ 
fessor and Mrs. Stowe, Rev. Dr. Bushnell, G-ideon Welles, 
James Dixon, Isaac Toucey, Gen. Jos. R. Hawley, Henry C. 
Deming, Gail Hamilton, etc. Mrs. Sigourney resided at 
Hartford during her long literary career. 

The first settlement in Hartford was made by the Dutch 
in 1638. The English settlers came from Cambridge, Mass., 
in 1635. Hartford was an active place in colonial times, and 
there are many places of historical interest in and about the 
city. The famous Charter Oak, though long since destroyed, 
still lives in various fragments carved into relics, and the 
precious charter it so securely held is now framed with it at 
the office of the Secretary of State. 

RAILROAD AND RIVER CONNECTIONS. 

The Connecticut River affords steamboat communication 
with ports on the Sound, New London, Long Island, and New 
York, and with the East. The Hartford Division of the New 
York and New Haven Railroad leads to Springfield, and 
thence to Boston, the North and West. The Connecbicut 
Valley Railroad follows the river to Saybrook, on the Sound; 
and the Connecticut Western opens the northern and west¬ 
ern part of the State, and the New York and New England 
leads to Boston on the east, and to the Hudson on the west. 
The Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill Railroad also passes 
through Hartford, and leads easterly through the State to 
Providence, R. I. ; and to the west the railroad runs to New 
Britain and Waterbury, Ct. 

The moment the train clears the houses of Hartford, it 
enters upon broad, level intervals, and the view spreads out 
wide on either‘side. To the left are some fine ranges of 

3 49 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


hills, and, in a few moments the broad and placid Connecti¬ 
cut is reached. Here we enter the Garden of New England, 
the beautiful Connecticut Valley, and for nearly 200 miles 
on our northward journey a panorama of surpassing beauty, 
interest, and variety may be seen from the car windows. 
The highly cultivated farms, the comfortable homesteads, 
the droves of cattle and the flocks of sheep, the immense to¬ 
bacco houses, and the great barns pass in endless procession. 

The fields, soft with bending grain, stately with stiff rows 
of tobacco, or smooth with grass, are full of varied beauty ; 
and all this thrift and comfort added to the rows of graceful 
elms, the wooded hills, and winding river, give the view a 
charm peculiar to itself. The tobacco fields will be easily 
recognized from the broad leaves and erect habit of the 
plants, and the precise rows in which they stand. The large 
barns with swinging doors and shutters on the walls, are the 
drying houses where the plants are hung on racks to dry 
when ripe in the fall. Tobacco culture is one of the leading 
interests from this point up to the Vermont line, and is a 
chief source of the wealth and prosperity of this part of the 
valley. The railroad skirts the river and soon reaches 

WINDSOR, 

Hartford Co ., 114 miles from N. Y. Town Population, 2,783. 

This is a quiet farming place, historically noted as the first 
place settled by the English in the State. William Holmes, 
and others, erected a block-house here in 1633. Tire Dutch 
from New Amsterdam attempted to drive them out soon 
after, but were unsuccessful. Some fine views open here to 
the right, and the train, after crossing Farmington River, 
passes 

HAYDEN’S STATION, 

Which is merely a small farming place. The road then 
comes close to the bank and joins the Windsor Canal. This 

50 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


canal, some five miles long, was originally built for naviga¬ 
tion round the Enfield Falls on the Connecticut. Since the 
railroad was built it has fallen into disuse except as an 
admirable water-power, and between the canal and the 
stream may be seen a large number of mills, foundries, and 
machine-shops. Just here may be noticed one of the pecu¬ 
liar wire ferries used on the Connecticut. A wire rope 
hung over the river is used as a guide, and the current is 
applied as a power to drag the boat over the stream. The 
houses on the left, extending along the road and beside the 
river, make the manufacturing village of 

WINDSOR LOCKS, 

Hartford Go ., Conn ., 120 miles from N. T. Town Popu¬ 
lation, 2,154. 

A branch road here leads to the left to Suffield, and the 
main road turns sharply to the right, and the train runs 
slowly, preparatory to crossing the immense iron bridge that 
crosses the river. A full view of the bridge may be obtained 
from the windows on the right just as the train “slows 
down.” This bridge is l,552-£ feet long, 17f feet wide on 
top, and carries the train 47 feet above low water. It is 
one of the largest structures of the kind in the country, and 
cost $265,000. The work was made in England and put up 
wi th the assistance of English machinists, and was opened 
for traffic in February, 1866. It is supported on 17 piers 
and the largest span is 177-J feet. To allow for the expan¬ 
sion in the hot sun of summer and the contraction by the 
cold of our severe winters, one end of each truss is laid 
on rollers so that it may move slightly as affected by the 
weather. The opposite end of each truss is bolted to the 
pier so that, though the truss moves an inch or more be¬ 
tween noon of a hot day and morning of a cool night, it 
cannot escape, or roll off the top of the pier. The bridge is 

51 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


estimated to be able to carry seven times the weight of all 
the engines that could be crowded upon it at once. As the 
train rolls smoothly and quietly over the top, the most 
indifferent traveler can hardly fail to look out the windows 
on either side to admire the noble river, the beautiful 
scenery, and this splendid piece of bridge architecture. As 
the train touches the shore a particularly fine view may be 
noticed on the left, up the stream, as it gives the first hint 
of the hill country we are approaching. A wooded island 
will be noticed just above the bridge that is interesting, as 
showing the peculiar sandstone formation along its lower 
shore. 

WAREHOUSE POINT, 

East Windsor, Hartford Go ., Conn ., 121 miles from N. T. 

Town Population, 2,882. 

This is the first of a series of busy manufacturing villages 
stretching along the eastern bank northward to Springfield, 
and was formerly the head of navigation on the river—hence 
its name. Here the best views are on the left, and if there 
is a spare seat it is worth the while to take it, for the river 
here presents a succession of most charming views. On the 
right, manufacturing establishments pass quickly every few 
moments. 

ENFIELD, 

Hartford Co., Conn. Town Population, 2,322. 

The village is on a hill to the right. The town is notice¬ 
able as containing the Hazard Powder Works, and a com¬ 
munity of Shakers. A picturesque old wooden bridge 
crosses the river here and makes a charming feature in the 
landscape. Opposite are the splendid farms of Suffield. 

THOMPSONVILLE, 

Enfield, Hartford Co., Conn., 125 miles from N. T. 

This active manufacturing place is named after Colonel 
0. F. Thompson, founder of the Hartford Carpet Works 

'52 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


located here. This manufactory was established in 1828, 
and is now one of the largest in the country, employing a 
capital of $1,500,000, and turning out 6,000 yards of ingrain 
and Venetian carpets every working day. The power is 
steam, consuming 3,000 tons of coal a year, and driving 141 
looms. The next station is 

LONG MEADOW, 

Hampden Co., Mass., 130 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 1,342. 

This is a farming town on the southern line of Massachu¬ 
setts. At every step of the way the country grows more 
beautiful, and the villages spread out so as to nearly touch. 
It was on the Connecticut, along this vicinity, that the In¬ 
ter-collegiate Regattas of 1872 and 1873 took place, in the 
last of which Yale introduced the English stroke, and carried 
off the laurels of the day in each race. 

PECONSIC, 

A small station, is passed, and then from the left may be 
seen the tall chimneys of 

SPRINGFIELD, 

Hampden Co., Mass. , 135 miles from N. Y City Population, 
26,703. Hotels, Haynes and Massasoit. 

The train rolls swiftly past the streets and shops, the 
houses run into blocks, the tracks multiply* and presently we 
are in the great black station, and in the very heart of the 
city. This is the end of the New York, Hartford and New 
Haven Railroad and our first continuous ride northward. 
Cars are here changed for the first time, and the traveler has 
the choice of going on up the valley at once, or of stopping 
over part of a day or a night at this most delightful of Mas¬ 
sachusetts cities. It is a representative place, and well worth 
a visit. The hotels are among the best in the country, and 
there is much of interest and value, both for the commercial 

53 


/ 










































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


man, the manufacturer, and the tourist. Should one decide 
not to stop, the cars of the Connecticut River Railroad may 
be found on the left-hand side of the station (north side), al¬ 
ready in waiting, and may be at once taken, as every train 
connects closely. 

Springfield, one of the oldest towns in this part of the 
State, was settled by a company from Roxbury in 1636, It 
now spreads for a long distance over the level by the river, 
and over part of the elevated plain that extends towards the 
east. Main Street running north and south, a short distance 
from the river, makes the principal thoroughfare. Manufac¬ 
tures have recently become a ruling interest, but the city has 
always been an important commercial and traveling center, 
as the junction of the great through lines dividing New Eng¬ 
land north and south, and Massachusetts east and west. 
The Boston and Albany leads east to Worcester and Boston, 
and west through the Hampshire Hills to Pittsfield, Albany, 
Northern New York, and the Great West. The Connecticut 
River road leads northerly to Chicopee, Holyoke, and North¬ 
hampton, Bellows Falls and White River Junctions, and so 
on through Vermont to Canada, and by connections at South 
Vernon, White River, and Wells River, with New Hampshire, 
the White Mountains, Lake Memphremagog, and the Domin¬ 
ion of Canada. 

The visitor will find at Springfield, not only attractions wor¬ 
thy of a prolonged and pleasant visit, but more than all else , a 
large number of very fine hotels , which offer the best accom¬ 
modations at reasonable rates. The cut in our engraving 
represents the large new hotel built a few years since by 
Mr. Haynes. This house is large, new, and possesses every 
comfort and convenience for ladies and families, and is in 
the immediate vicinity of the City Hall, New Court House, 
Opera House, and all points of interest about the city. 

The charges are moderate, and the distance from the sta- 

54 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


tion leaves the house free from the noise and dust of the 
perpetual trains. 

The chief point of interest is the United States Arsenal 
and Government works. To reach the Armory walk through 
Main Street to the south, to State Street, then turn to the 
left up the hill. The walk is not long, and some fine 
churches, stores, printing-offices, and dwelling-houses are 
seen on the way. The grounds are neatly laid out, and 
the stores of guns and war materials make a most striking 
and peculiar display. The baildings contain 275,000 arms, 
and during the war over 3,000 men were here employed 
day and night. The City Hall and Court House are both 
worthy of notice. Hampden Park may be reached by a 
short walk from the station, through Main Street north 
to Clinton Street, and then to the left. The drives over the 
river to West Springfield, to Brightwood on the north, to the 
Cemetery on the south, or through the well-shaded streets in 
every direction, are delightful and well worth the little time 
they take. There are 26 churches, 6 charitable institutions, 
6 musical societies, and a flourishing Scientific Society. The 
library and museum of the Natural History Society is worth 
a visit, and is open to the public every Wednesday P.M. 
Horse cars extend through Main Street to Brightwood and 
Chicopee, and omnibuses run to the water shops, on Mill 
River. 

BUSINESS. 

Springfield is eminently a business city. Its manufactories 
are very numerous, paper being one of the chief articles of 
manufacture. 

Springfield is probably one of the best illustrations of in¬ 
land thrift and energy of any interior city in the country. 
This is due in part from its peculiar central location, in fact 
it is nearer the center of the actual business interests of 
New England than any other point, drawing its physical 

55 



J/UPLEY'.CO 

























































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


energy from the Granite Hills of New Hampshire and Ver¬ 
mont, and finding 1 a market for its ingenious and varied pro¬ 
ductions all over the civilized globe. The business man or 
“tourist” here finds himself on the great thoroughfares of 
railway communication, by which he may start almost 
hourly for either of the four points of the compass, North, 
South, East, or West. Springfield is the headquarters for 
every description of paper manufacturing—in fact, manu¬ 
factures more than one-half of the entire production of the 
whole country, while whips, tobacco, and cigars fill almost 
an equal importance in its productions. 

Smith & Wesson have here their great manufactory 
for their famous pistols, which now take precedence of all 
others. The Government postal cards and envelope manu¬ 
factories are alone worth a week’s visit, while the Govern¬ 
ment Armory and magnificent works are marvels of perfec¬ 
tion. The Springfield Republican is one of the ablest and 
most influential journals of the United States. 

The Union , a young evening paper, is also doing a 
thriving and flourishing business. 

Springfield has also two very noted insurance companies, 
whose reputations are coextensive with our country. The 
Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company is the largest 
fire company in Massachusetts and is one of the soundest in the 
United States. Its agencies are in all the principal cities 
■and towns in the country, and the amount of its business is 
enormous. The company was incorporated in 1849 with a 
perpetual charter, and by judicious management and strict in¬ 
tegrity and justice in its dealings with the public, it has at- 
tained a standing second to no company in the insurance 
world. One of its elements of success has been the business 
ability and integrity of its officers. Mr. Freeman, for many 
years the President of the company, was a man of unusual 
capacity, and of the strictest integrity, and his influence in 

56 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


and devotion to the real welfare of the company, largely 
contributed to its constant and uniform progress. Mr. 
Dwight R, Smith is its present President, and is a fit 
successor to this eminent business man. He brings to his 
office strict integrity and business skill, and the experience 



DAILY UNION BUILDING, 
SPRINGFIELD, AT^YSS- 


of years of faithful service in the insurance world. It is 
largely due to the business ability of its officers that this 
company withstood the tremendous financial shocks of 
the great Chicago and Boston fires, which wrecked so many 
other companies in a common disaster. The present cash 
assets of this institution exceed $1,200,000, with a capital 
of $500,000, and its financial soundness is universally con¬ 
ceded in insurance circles. Although its name implies ma¬ 
rine insurance, yet it now takes no marine risks. 

3 * 57 







CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


The Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Go. is the only 
life company in Springfield, and occupies a similar position in 
the life department of insurance that the Springfield does in 
fire. It is a very conservative company in its management, 
and is conscientiously devoted to the interests of its policy 
holders, who are really its owners, as it is a strictly mutual 
company. By the skillful management of its officers this 
company has been enabled to increase its aggregate business 
during the period of general business depression which has 
pervaded the country, a ad this fact is a testimonial of the 
soundness and standing of this ably conducted company. Its 
assets exceed $5,500,000, and its surplus on the New York 
standard is nearly $1,000,000. The company was organized 
in 1851, and has paid on its policies nearly $3,000,000 for 
deaths, and returned to policy holders over $1,500,000 in 
dividends. The company owns and occupies a handsome 
brownstone building on the main street, in the center of the 
city. 

The most important manufacturing companies are the Amer¬ 
ican Papier-Mache Co., the Bemis and Call Tool Co., Bigelow 
Manufacturing Co., Hampden Card Co., Hampden Paint and 
Chemical Co., Gilbert and Barker Manufacturing Co., Massa- 
soit Paper Manufacturing Co., Morgan Envelope Co., Na¬ 
tional Needle Co., Newell Bros. Manufacturing Co, New 
England Card and Paper Co., New York Match Co., Spring- 
field Envelope Co., E. Stebbens Manufacturing Co., John W. 
Trafton Manufacturing Co., Union Paper and Ink Co., 
Wason Manufacturing Co., and the Williams Hardware 
Manufacturing Co. This long and honorable list is the 
secret of the wealth and prosperity of the city. The Boston 
and Albany Railroad, and the Connecticut River Road both 
have extensive car-shops here, and from cars to paper collars 
and pistols, the industry of the city is everywhere manifest. 
Days might be spent here in examining these great works, 






MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INS- CO. 

Springfield, Mass. 


1 

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


and in admiring 1 the elegant and costly homes that have 
sprung up around them. 

The well-known establishment of Milton Bradley & Co., 
which has done so much to keep the young folks of the land 
at home, by furnishing their homes the necessary means to 
render them pleasant and happy, is located in Springfield. 

Bradley’s Patent Croquet is world-wide in its popularity 
and sale. When the game came to us from across the ocean, 
it was, in form of implements and method of play, exceed¬ 
ingly crude compared with its present condition. Nearly 
ten years ago Mn Bradley made several improvements in 
the materials, some of which he patented, and at present 
controls, while others are now used by all manufacturers. 
The one improvement of sockets for giving the bridges solid¬ 
ity in the ground, and allowing them to be easily and quickly 
replaced, after having been removed for any purpose, is of 
the greatest value, and gives the goods of this firm the pref¬ 
erence with all expert players. The method of playing has 
been almost entirely revolutionized since its introduction 
into this country, and this is largely due to the little hand¬ 
book of the game, published by this firm, called u Croquet, 
its Principles and Rules.” In order to reduce the first cost 
of the implements to the lowest point, they have a branch 
factory in Vermont, where the lumber is taken in the log, 
sawed, dried, and roughed out ready for the finishing ma¬ 
chines at the home factory, where the various parts are 
shaped by automaton machinery that works with great rapid¬ 
ity and accuracy. The great part of these machines are 
original with this firm, and used exclusiyely by them. They 
have this year introduced a neat style of croquet (a four- 
handed set), which they contrive to put up in a box only 
one-half the size of an ordinary box, and style it “ Tourists’ 
Croquet.” It is exceedingly compact to take to the country 
or to picnics. 


59 


BRIDGE TO ALBANY, CONN. RIVER. MT. TOM. U. S. ARMORY 

SPRING-FIELD, MASS., FROM LONG HILL. 


















































































































































































































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The Connecticut River Railroad. 

T HIS road, extending from Springfield at the southern side 
of Massachusetts to South Vernon on the Vermont line, 
is the next most important step in our route. It was orig¬ 
inally chartered as two roads, the Northampton and Spring- 
field, and the Greenfield and Northampton. They were 
united in 1845, and the extension to South Vernon was made 
in 1848. It leads us through the most fertile and picturesque 
part of the valley, and through a region noted for the wealth, 
culture, and industry of its people. The cars stand on the 
track next the north wall, and the ticket offices, baggage- 
rooms, waiting-saloons, restaurant, etc., are on that side of 
the depot. For passengers going through to the White 
Mountains the cars of the Passumpsic River Road are provided, 
and in summer drawing-room cars are on every through train. 
On taking seats choose the right-hand side, as that will give 
the best views for the next hundred miles. All the rolling 
stock of the road is first-class in every respect, and every 
comfort is provided for the traveler. 

The train, after starting quickly, clears itself from the 
entanglement of the shops and car-houses, and Hampden 
Park may be seen on the left. The suburbs of Springfield 
seem very attractive, and the train soon reaches the new 
station of 


BRIGHTWOOD. 

This is a part of Springfield, and the site of the immense 
car-shops of the W T ason Manufacturing Company. On the 
right is a neat bit of park, and on the left a full view of the 

61 















































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


great manufactory. The vast business of this company was 
founded by T. W. and C. Wason in 1845, and the present 
shops were erected in 1878. The company make every style 
of rail-car, and sell them to the value of a million and a half 
every year. Occasional glimpses of the river open to the 
left, and then presently the train stops at 

CHICOPEE, 

Hampden Go., Mass., 187 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion , 9,607. 

The village is located on the east bank of the Connecticut, 
at its junction with the Chicopee River, and is a prosperous 
manufacturing place. The Dwight Mills, seven in number, 
may be seen to the right, and making a most imposing dis¬ 
play. The Dwight Manufacturing Company employs 2,000 
hands, 70,000 spindles, and produces goods to the value of 
$20,000,000 every year. The Ames Manufacturing Co., also 
located here, employs 400 hands in gun-stock machinery, 
water-wheels, cannon, and art castings. Cabotsville and 
Chicopee Falls, up the Chicopee Valley, are here connected, 
with the main road by a branch line. A short ride along the 
river brings us to 

WILLIMANSETT, 

Chicopee, Hampden Co., Mass., 142 miles from _ZV. Y. 

This is only a small farming station, and immediately after 
leaving it the train crosses the river on a wooden covered 
bridge 700 feet long, and a good sample of an American truss 
bridge. The train on entering daylight again comes to the 
great manufacturing center of 

HOLYOKE, 

Hampden Co., Mass. 142 miles from N. Y. City Popula¬ 
tion, 16,000. Holyoke House.. 

This city, located on a bend of the river, and on its west 
shore, commands one of the most noted water-powers in the 

62 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


world. The river falls 60 feet in three-fourths of a mile, and 
by the construction of an immense wooden dam, 30 feet high 
and 1,017 feet long, a part of the stream is turned aside, and 
through canals is conveyed through the towns to the various 
mills. The canal first takes the water from the dam down 
the stream, and then it divides into three others parallel to 
each other. The mills stand between, and draw their water¬ 
power from the side of the canal above them, and having 
used it, pass it down to the next canal below. Other mills 
again use it, and pass it on to the lowest canal, and it finally 
escapes into the river below the city. The upper canal is 
now 5,000 feet long, the second is 8,000 feet long, and the 
lower one 4,000. These figures give some idea of the im¬ 
mense size of this water privilege. The city is well laid 
out, and there are a number of churches and many private 
residences. The Holyoke House, an excellent house, kept 
by E. M. Belden, is located only a few rods from the station, 
and from the house a half hour’s walk will show the most 
important mills, the canal, and the water-works. The Ingle- 
side Hotel, some distance to the south of the town, is a well- 
known summer resort. To see the falls, take the street on 
the left of the Holyoke House, and follow the canal past the 
Lyman and other mills to the railroad. Pass under the 
bridge and turn to left over the canal, and take first turn to 
right, and in a moment or two the dyke is reached. Walk 
along its top to left, past the Parson Paper-Mills to the dam. 
Fine views of the falls and rapids will be obtained. Railings 
make the walk secure, and the whole of the magnificent 
scene may be examined at leisure. Returning, walk back 
as far as railroad bridge, and then a short walk will lead to 
the town bridge crossing the river to South Hadley Falls, 
and giving fine views of the rapids from this bridge. An¬ 
other short walk from the Holyoke House leads to the left 
over the canals to the station of the Holyoke Branch of the 

63 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


New Haven and Northampton Railroad. This branch con¬ 
nects with the main line at Westfield on the Boston and 
Albany Railroad. The water-power at Holyoke is more than 
sufficient for a million spindles, and already the manufac¬ 
turers employ 1,800 hands in the paper-mills, 2,000 hands in 
the fabric mills, and in other, departments some 885 more. 
The product is over 40 tons of paper per day, 80,000 dozen 
spools of cotton per week, 850,000 yards of woolen, and a 
million blankets a year, besides great quantities of iron work, 
machinery, lumber, sashes, belts, reeds, screws, piano-wire, 
and other goods. 

From the station, the train passes quickly through the 
town, and in a moment passes in plain sight of the great 
dam and the falls, and skirts the edge of the broad slack 
water above, and close under the high hills that here in¬ 
trude upon the river, and make a narrow and romantic 
water-gap. The river winds in great sweeps through the 
hills, and the road follows the wateFs edge closely, so that 
a mile or more of the track may be seen before and behind 
from the car-window. At every turn the hills become higher 
and bolder till we reach 

SMITH’S FERRY, 

Northampton , Hampshire Go ., Mass ., 145 miles from N. Y. 

We can willingly pause at this little station, for the pros¬ 
pect is one of the most charming on our road. Mount Hol¬ 
yoke, on the opposite shore, is coming into full view; South 
Hadley lies to the east beyond the ferry, and up the stream 
the views of mountain and valley are surprisingly lovely. 
The village of South Hadley is reached from here by the aid 
of the ferry, and is mainly noted as containing the celebrated 
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, founded by Miss Mary 
Lyon, in 1837. 

As the train moves on, the beautiful panorama of river and 

64 


NEW YORK ;0 WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


mountain scenery increases in interest and beauty. These 
high wooded hills are a part of a range of greenstone that 
extends northward from New Haven, and in Mount Tom on 
the west, and Mount Holyoke on the east, about 1,200 feet 
feet high, finds its climax in this splendid gap. One of the 
most striking views may be obtained at 

MOUNT TOM STATION. 

This is merely a steamboat landing, and the junction of a 
short branch line from Easthampton, on the New Haven and 
Northampton Railroad. The steamer plies up the river to 
the carriage road that leads to the Holyoke Railway that 
ascends the mountain. The Prospect House, at the summit, 
was the first mountain house erected in this country, and has 
always been one of the most popular. The view from the 
house is peculiarly American, and of great beauty and inter¬ 
est. It includes the East and West Rocks at New Haven on 
the south, the G-reen Mountains in Vermont, Monadnock in 
New Hampshire, and Wachusett in Massachusetts, besides 
many other peaks of lesser note ; while between these moun¬ 
tain-fringed horizons spreads wide the immense valley of the 
Connecticut, carpeted with the varied crops of the farms. 
Pricked out upon its mosaic pattern are the spires of forty 
villages, scattered through four of our most prosperous com¬ 
monwealths. If the traveler has the time it will be well 
worth his time to stop here, and make a brief visit to this 
fascinating and popular resort. As the train moves on, the 
hotel on the summit comes into view, outlined against the sky. 
Mount Tom on the left, and Mount Holyoke on the right, 
seem to make a natural gateway here, and as the cars pass 
through, the great valley suddenly opens, wide, level, and 
surpassingly beautiful, and, absorbed in the prospect, the 
traveler thinks the train almost too quickly runs in among 
the houses of 


65 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


NORTHAMPTON, 

Hampshire Co., Mass., 150 miles from N. T. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 10,160. Fitch Hotel and Bound Hill House. 

This is one of the oldest and most famous towns in the valley. 
It was settled by a party from Hartford and Windsor in 1654, 
and is not only a fine farming town, but a favorite resort for 
pleasure-seekers from all parts of the Union. The numerous 
educational institutions, its libraries, its elegant houses, the 
quiet beauty of its elm-shaded streets, and more than all, the 
culture of its people, make one of the most desirable places 
of residence in the State. Its people have been among the 
most distinguished in the country. Here lived Rev. Jonathan 
Edwards, Major Joseph Hawley, and Gov. Caleb Strong, and 
others famous in our earlier history; and the village has 
contributed four United States Senators. Many noted peo¬ 
ple from Europe and from all parts of the country have made 
Northampton their home, and the praise of its homes and 
meadows has been made the theme of poem, picture, and 
novel. The Fitch House, kept by the C. F. Simonds Com¬ 
pany, stands on Main Street, three minutes’ walk from the 
station. 

ROUND HILL HOTEL 

is beautifully located in the suburbs of the village one-half 
mile distant, and 300 feet above the river and railroad sta¬ 
tions, and 500 feet above the level of the sea, on the summit 
of Round Hill, from which it derives its name. 

The estate comprises many acres of magnificent groves 
and forest, orchard and terrace, with cool, pure, and dry air 
in summer, and almost absolute freedom from mosquitoes. 

During the many years that have elapsed since George 
Bancroft, the historian, and J. G. Cogswell, kept a noted 
classical school on this hill, the locality has had a world-wide 
fame for the healthfulness of the climate, and its beautiful 
scenery. Standing on the spacious terrace in front of the 

66 


BOUND KILL HOTEL, NORTHAMPTON, MASS 






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


hotel, or on its broad piazza looking eastward, the visitor has 
spread before him a grand panorama of villages with broad 
avenues skirted by majestic elms, meadows and rivers, moun¬ 
tains and valleys, forming a most enchanting picture, pro¬ 
nounced by experienced travelers equal to any landscape in 
the world; and all who view this scene are animated witk 
the same delight which caused Jenny Lind, after a three 
months’ sojourn at this hotel, to christen this valley the 
“Paradise op America.” 

Apart from the unrivaled attractions Round Hill presents 
to tourists in the most picturesque landscape scenery in the 
world, pure mountain air, pure water, fine groves and lawns, 
and immediate surroundings combining many city advantages 
with all that is desirable in a country residence, the walks 
and drives are unsurpassed in beauty. 

MOUNT HOLYOKE, 

long celebrated for the view from its summit, which has less 
of grandeur than Mount Washington and others of greater 
elevation, but more beautiful and picturesque than any, is in 
full view from the hotel, three and a half miles distant, and 
is 1,175 feet above the sea, crowned with the Prospect House 
for the accommodation of summer day visitors. Tourists 
take a carriage from the hotel, have a pleasant drive through 
the principal streets of the village, cross the famed North¬ 
ampton meadows and the river to the cottage, one-half way 
to the summit, thence by vertical railway, 600 feet, to the 
Prospect House, or, as some prefer, climb the stairway, 523 
steps. 

HOCKANUM, 

the home of “ Kathrina” the heroine of Dr. Holland’s 
poem, and 

MOUNT NONOTUCK, { 

“Mountain of the Blest,” looking south-east, are both 

67 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


near. Visitors take a carriage from the hotel, driving 
through the village over the dike, and crossing the meadows 
near the Ox Bow, ride within a few rods of the Eyrie House, 
on its summit, thence by easy foot-path to the summit. 
Nonotuck is not so high as Holyoke, but the view from the 
Eyrie House, looking north, was pronounced by Dr. Hitch¬ 
cock to be unique and the finest his eye ever rested on. 

MOUNT TOM, 

seven miles distant, the highest peak of the Holyoke range, 

SUGARLOAF MOUNTAIN AND MOUNT TOBY, 
between which and the latter runs the Connecticut River, 
are all in full view from Round Hill. 

AMHERST, 

beautifully situated on the western slope of the Holyoke 
Range, nine miles distant, is in full view from the hotel, 
looking eastward, and is the seat of Amherst College, with 
its famous cabinets, the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 
and the Durfee Plant House, where can be seen an unusually 
fine collection of exotics. 

SOUTH HADLEY, 

six miles distant, is a small village on the eastern slope of the 
Holyoke Range, chiefly noted as the seat of the celebrated 
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, founded by Miss Mary 
Lyon in 1837. 

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY OF NORTHAMPTON 

now contains from 8,000 to 10,000 volumes of the most pop¬ 
ular works of the day. The new and elegant hall, reception 
rooms, reading room, and art gallery, in the New Memorial 
Hall Building, were occupied by the library in the spring of 
1874, and are the most complete of any in a town of this size. 

G8 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The public reading room is free to all, and strangers and 
guests of the hotel have the privilege of the library by the 
payment of a small sum. 

SMITH CHARITIES. 

Oliver Smith, of Hatfield, who died December 23, 1845, 
endowed Smith Charities, by will, with $200,000, which was 
directed to be invested until principal and interest should 
amount to $400,000, at which time it was to be divided intd 
three distinct funds—$360,000 of which was for indigent 
boys, females, children, young women, and widows. 

These funds now amount to nearly one million of dollars. 
Of the remainder, $30,000 goes to found Smith’s Agricultural 
School at Northampton in the year 1905, and $10,000 to the 
American Colonization Society. 

CLARKE INSTITUTE, 

for the instruction of deaf mutes, next door to the hotel, was 
founded by the munificence of John Clarke, and endowed 
with $250,000. 

THE SMITH FEMALE COLLEGE 
is an institution endowed by Miss Sophia Smith and the 
town of Northampton with $325,000. 

THE EDWARDS ELMS, 

on King Street, were planted by President Edwards’ own 
hands. 

THE GREAT ELM. 

On the Hockanum route to Mount Holyoke stands the tree 
immortalized by Dr. Holmes in his “ Autocrat of the Break¬ 
fast Table. ” It is thirty-one feet in circumference.. 

East Hampton, a representative New England village, and 
celebrated for its manufactures and educational institutions, 

69 


NONOTUCK SILK CO.'S WORKS, FLORENCE, MASS 





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CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


is only four miles south on the New Haven and Northampton 
Railroad, and worth a visit. Williston Seminary, a celebrated 
preparatory school, is located here. Just below Northampton 
is the outlet of Mill River, the scene of the great disaster of 
May 16,1874. This stream rises some fifteen miles north in 
Conway and Goshen, and supplies water-power to the vil¬ 
lages of Williamsburg, Skinnerville, Haydenville, Leeds, and 
Florence ; and, as it is an uncertain stream, a stone reservoir 
had been constructed near its sources. This broke loose, 
and the flood carried all before it, destroying mills, dams, 
houses, and everything in its way, and taking the lives of 
141 men, women, and children who lived and worked in its 
path. Many deeds of heroism in warning and saving the 
people were recorded, and the disaster will long be remem¬ 
bered as one of the great calamities of the century. The 
New Haven and Northampton Railroad extends up the Mill 
River Valley to Williamsburg, and the station, at North¬ 
ampton, is close beside the station of the Connecticut Valley 
Road. Stages here connect with Amherst and North Hadley. 

As the train leaves the village the view again opens wide 
to the right. Over the level meadows may be seen the 
spires of Hadley and the college buildings at Amherst, seem¬ 
ingly at the foot of the blue hills so far to the east, but 
really not within two miles of them. The chief character¬ 
istics of this rather remarkable scenery that here passes is 
its vastness, the immense reach of the horizon, the gigantic 
sweep of the noble river, and the wooded hills on the horizon, 
all features peculiarly American, and unlike anything in 
Europe. 

HATFIELD, 

Hampshire Co ., Mass ., 154 miles from N. T. Town Popu¬ 
lation , 1,594. 

This is a farming town, devoted to tobacco culture. The 
village lies off to the right over the meadows. In 1676 the 

70 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


place suffered from the Indians, and though they were 
severely punished by a party who came to the rescue from 
Hadley, the village was again attacked in the following year, 
and many of the people were killed or captured. Oliver 
Smith and his niece Sophia Smith, well known in connec¬ 
tion with the Smith Charities, both lived here. The road 
passes through patches of woods, and Sugarloaf Mountain 
comes in sight on the right, and the train presently stops at 

NORTH HATFIELD. 

This is only a small farming station and of no importance. 
The country rapidly changes its character, and becomes 
wilder and more broken. The river has apparently turned 
away to the right and is lost to view, and we do not see it 
again till we enter Vermont. 

WHATELY, 

Franklin Co., Mass., 157 miles from N. Y. Town Popu¬ 
lation , 1,067. 

This is a small town on the edge of Franklin County, 
and wholly devoted to farming. As the train goes on north 
it passes a series of level farms all in the highest state of cul¬ 
ture, and Sugarloaf Mountain, that rises abruptly some 
500 feet above the plains, becomes an object of interest. 
Its steep, rocky walls show some fine geological sections, and 
its peak is historically famous as the supposed headquarters 
of King Philip in the old Indian wars. This mountain rises 
close to the river that lies off to our right, and from its sum¬ 
mit a fine view is obtained, to the south, down the valley. 
The village nestled close to the foot of the mountain, and 
the next stopping place is 

SOUTH DEERFIELD, 

Deerfield , Franklin Co., Mass., 159 miles from N. Y. 

This place is noted as the scene of the battle of Bloody 
Brook in 1675. The first fight took place near the southern 

71 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


end of Sugarloaf. A few weeks later a company of eighty 
men, escorting teams loaded with grain from Deerfield, were 
ambushed by a large force of Indians, and nearly all were 
killed. The Deerfield Company, hearing the firing, came to 
the rescue, but too late, and, though the Indians were driven 
off with great slaughter, the loss of the settlers was very 
severe. A monument in the village commemorates the 
event. 

Beyond South Deerfield the road climbs by long grades up 
the sides of Deerfield Mountain, and stops at a lovely, windy 
station high up on the mountain side. The village far be¬ 
low in the meadows on the left is 

[DEERFIELD, 

Franklin Co ., Mass., 166 miles from N. Y. Town Popu¬ 
lation, 3,632. 

This charming town, wholly devoted to farming, is a favorite 
summer resort for New York families, who seek in its elm- 
shaded villages the pure air, wholesome fare, varied scenery, 
and delicious quiet it so freely affords. The village is some¬ 
what remarkable for the great size and number of noble 
elms that line its principal street, and in the old Indian times 
it was the scene of a terrible massacre in 1704. The deep 
snow enabled the savages to invade the stockade built 
round the village, and with the aid of the French from 
Canada they destroyed the place and took many of the peo¬ 
ple prisoners to Canada. They were pursued by the Hat¬ 
field settlers, but without avail, and the trials and sufferings 
of the people make one of the most heroic chapters of our 
early history. 

“ There are three things to-day, in Deerfield, which com¬ 
memorate the history of those cruel days. The old door, a 
tombstone in the burial yard with an epitaph to Mrs. Wil¬ 
liams, and a monument on the public green. 

72 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


‘ ‘ The epitaph is very quaint: 

“ ‘Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Eunice Williams, the vir¬ 
tuous and desirable comfort of the Rev. Mr. John Williams, 
and daughter to ye Rev. Eleazer Mather of Northampton. 
She was born Aug. 2nd, 1664, and fell by the rage of ye bar¬ 
barous enemy, March 1, 1703 | 4.’ 

“ The inscription on the monument on the green reads 
thus: 

“ ‘ This monument stands upon the Meeting House Hill, 
and is within the limits of the old Fort, built a.d, 1689, and 
which remained until a.d. 1758, and was one of the chief 
defenses of the early settlers against the attacks of the sav¬ 
age Indians. With pious affection and gratitude, their de¬ 
scendants would hereby associate the sacrifices and sufferings 
of the fathers of the town in establishing our institutions 
with those of their children in defending them.’ 

“The old ‘Door,’made of yellow pine, closely studded 
with nails, more than anything else, is the living representa¬ 
tive of that great contest between barbarism and civilization. 
The marks of the tomahawk suggest some of the early lines 
of Whittier : 

“ ‘ Then smote the Indian tomahawk 
On crashing door and shattering lock; 

Then rang the rifle shot, and then 
The shrill death-scream of stricken men; 

Sank the red axe in woman’s brain, 

And childhood’s cry arose in vain.’ 

“ In the wide hall of the Pocumtuck Hotel the door is kept 
secure in an upright glass case. The peasant bard of Gill, 
Josiah D. Quincy, thus eloquently speaks of it : 

“ ‘ Bless thee, old relic, old, and brown, and scarred, 

And bless Old Deerfield ! says her grandson bard, 

Towns may traditions have by error spun, 

She has the Door of History—that’s the one.’ 

4 73 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


11 The Meeting House, where Mr. Williams preached, was 
built in 1694. The well dug and stoned in the year 1687 
still stands as secure as the day it was completed. There is 
another historic relic, ‘ lying, situate, and being 3 in the cel¬ 
lar of the Pocumtuck Hotel, an old cannon, which has en¬ 
dured all kinds of treatment. It was presented to the town 
by Queen Anne, and during the last fifty years has been 
stolen by all the surrounding towns. 

‘ ‘ The Pocumtuck Hotel is situated about midway the long, 
quiet, shady street, and was a summer home of the late 
lamented Agassiz. The whole country is full of interest to 
the geologist, and the finest tracks and bird marks in our 
country are found in the vicinity. Arthur’s Seat is a fine 
elevation to the north-west. The Deerfield Hills rise to the 
north-east, Sugarloaf to the south-east. Pocumtuck Rock 
one mile by road east of the depot.” 

There is a small hotel here, but visitors can easily find 
board in private houses. 

As the train leaves the lovely station, perched so high in 
the air above the Deerfield valley, a remarkable succession 
of views over the meadows, the village houses, the Deerfield 
River, and the high hills on the west may be obtained from 
the windows on the left. On the right the wooded hills 
shut off the view till the long wooden bridge is reached 
where the Deerfield River breaks a wild and rocky path 
through the hills and flows away to the Connecticut on the 
other side of the mountains. The view from the high 
bridge is picturesque and peculiar, as it opens a wide view of 
the Deerfield River flowing in from the south, and the Green 
River coming down from the north, and the two here uniting. 
The hills seem to come nearer on the left, and after passing 
the road branching off to Grout’s Corner on the right, and 
the high bridge of the Hoosac Railroad on the left, we enter 

74 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


GREENFIELD, 

Franklin Co ., Mass ., 1G9 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 3,589. Hotel, Mansion House. 

Very little of the village can be seen from the depot, as it 
is on the hill to the right. On the left may be seen a few 
shops and the Green River Valley opening among the hills 
to the north-west. Greenfield is an important railroad and 
manufacturing center. The Vermont and Massachusetts 
Railroad extending westerly through the northern part of 
Worcester Co., Mass., from Fitchburg, here connects with 
the Connecticut River Road, and on the opening of the 
Hoosac Tunnel will lead through the Green Mountains to 
North Adams, Mass., and Troy, New York. By stages over 
the Hoosac Mountain it already connects by that route. 
At Grout’s Corner, a few miles east of Greenfield, the 
Vermont and Massachusetts Road connects with the North¬ 
ern and New London Railroad that extends southward 
to New London in Connecticut, and crossing the Boston and 
Albany Road at Palmer, Mass. The water-power furnished 
by Green River sustains extensive manufacturing interests 
here. Among these may be noticed the cutlery works of 
J. Russel & Co., one of the oldest establishments of the 
kind in the country, and now employing some 400 hands. 
The village is a popular summer resort for families seeking 
a quiet home amid pleasant walks and drives. Turner’s Falls, 
a picturesque series of rapids on the Connecticut, may be 
easily reached from Greenfield by road or rail. It was in the 
neighborhood of these falls that the first “ bird track 
remains” were found that have so excited the interest of 
geological students in all parts of the world. Fine samples 
of these fossil tracings may be seen at the museum at 
Amherst. 

Leaving Greenfield, the road enters upon a wild and 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


partially wooded upland region, with here and there a dairy 
farm among the stony hills. 

BERNARDSTON, 

Franklin Co., Mass., 176 miles from N. T. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 961. 

This is merely a farming town on the northern edge of 
Massachusetts, but, like many places in the State, famous for 
its educational facilities. In this case it is the Powers 
Institute that makes the fame of the town. The character 
of the country rapidly changes. The road passes deep cuts 
and thick woods and upland farms. It turns more to the 
east, and presently there are views of the river flowing dark 
and swift below in its narrow channel between the hills. 
The wooded heights seem to draw nearer, and at every step 
the scenery increases in interest. The road turns away 
again to the north, and a gray old church perched on a 
lovely hill high above the river gives a romantic aspect to 
the wild, rough valley. The road keeps on the plateau 
high above the river, and shortly pulls up at 

SOUTH VERNON, 

Vernon, Windham Co., Vermont, 183 miles from N. Y. 

This is the end of the Connecticut River Railroad, and 
the exact spot where the line between Vermont and Massa¬ 
chusetts crosses the river, for the line actually cuts the 
station in two. Our route now continues northward over 
the Vermont and Massachusetts Railroad. The Ashuelot 
Railroad that extends north-easterly through Hinsdale, 
Winchester, and Swansea, to Keene, in New Hampshire, here 
connects with the Connecticut River Road and the Vermont 
and Massachusetts Road. There is little to be seen at this 
station, and the traveler gladly passes on that he may enjoy 
the romantic views of deep valley, river, wooded hills and 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


upland farms. The Ashuelot Railroad bridge over the river 
is seen on the right, and after a short ride the views increase 
in variety and interest. The road slides down by lazy 
grades to the more level intervals near the river, and the 
scenery changes from the picturesque to the beautiful. 
Soon the train slows down for the next station, and just as 
it is reached, there is a momentary sight of Monadnock 
Mountain, seemingly at the head of the Ashuelot Valley that 
opens far to the right. The mountain stands 30 miles away 
in the town of Jaffrey, and is our first hint of the mountain 
land towards which we are traveling. It is 3,450 feet high, 
and one of the most noted solitary mountains in New 
England. This short piece of road we are traveling over, 
between South Vernon and Brattleboro’, a distance of only 
five miles, is a part of the Vermont and Massachusetts Rail¬ 
road. This road is a consolidation of the Vermont and 
Massachusetts, -the Greenfield and Fitchburg, and the Brat¬ 
tleboro’ and Fitchburg Roads. It was opened for through 
traffic in 1850, and now makes part of a continuous route 
from Boston, via Fitchburg, to Brattleboro’, Bellows Falls, 
and the northern parts of Vermont and New Hampshire. 

The railroads from South Vernon to White River Junction 
are now operated by the great trunk line known as the Cen¬ 
tral Vermont Railway. 


VERNON, 

Windham Co ., Vt., 188 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 764. 

Agriculture is the one interest here, and beyond its scenery 
the place presents little to attract us. During the early wars 
Vernon suffered severely from the Indians. As the train goes 
on, admirable views to the right and up the river show we are 
entering the hill country. Mount Wantastiquiet, the highest 
hill we have met, comes into sight. The farms give place to 

77 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


scattered houses, and next the river are factories and mills, 
and the train stops at the wretched little depot at 

ERATTLEBOftO’, 

’Windham Co., Vt., 193 miles from N. T. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 4,933. Brooks House. 

The railroad station is a libel on the town, and gives no 
hint of the charming village only a few rods out of sight, 
upon the plateau above the river. The' first settlement was 
made here in 1724, and a stockade called Fort Dummer 
erected. It was supposed to be within the limits of Massa¬ 
chusetts, and was the outpost of civilization on the north. It 
has been the birth-place and residence of a number of noted 
people, and for years has been known as one of the most 
popular summer resorts in the Connecticut Valley. Main 
Street, extending north and south along the west bank of the 
river, is only a few steps from the station and 100 feet above 
the stream. Whitstone Creek empties into the river here and 
supplies water-power to the manufactories. The village is 
built upon the natural terraces that make such a feature of 
this valley, and its finer and more costly dwellings are some 
of them 300 feet above the river and the railroad. This ele¬ 
vated site, the thickly-planted trees that line its streets, the 
charming drives and walks in every direction, and the moun¬ 
tain more than a thousand feet high that stands sentinel be¬ 
side the river, give the village a most attractive aspect, and 
it is small wonder that nearly a thousand visitors may some¬ 
times be found here at once in July and August. The Brooks 
House, the Brattleboro’ House, and the Bevere House, are 
good hotels. The Brooks is on Main Street, and is a large 
and justly popular house, and enjoys quite a large summer 
patronage. 

Ex-Governor Holbrook, of Vermont, General J. W. Phelps, 
Mr. Charles C. Frost, the botanist, Larkin G. Meade, the 

78 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


sculptor, and Jacob Esty, the founder of the Esty Organ 
Works, have made Brattleboro’ famous throughout the coun¬ 
try. The Esty Organ Works were founded in 1846, and are 
among the largest musical instrument manufactories in the 
world. They comprise eight three-story shops, each 38x100, 
operated by a three-horse-power engine. The product is 200 
organs every week. Machinery, carriages, and castings are 
also largely produced in Brattleboro’. The Vermont Asylum* 
for the Insane, founded by Mrs. Anna Marsh in 1834, is 
located in the northern part of the town. 

As the train leaves the depot the wooden bridge over the 
river is seen and some excellent views of the mountain tow¬ 
ering so high overhead may be obtained. The valley here be¬ 
comes quite narrow and the road winds along its edge, through 
woods and farms, and presenting at every step new scenes of 
beauty. 

The traveler sitting on the right here enjoys a constant 
succession of most charming views of river, wooded hills, 
and smiling farms with their comfortable houses and ample 
barns. The New Hampshire shore, opposite, is always in 
view, and the ride at every mile is full of rural interest. 

DUMMERSTON, 

Windham Go ., Vt., 198 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 916. 

An agricultural town, and of no special importance. For 
the next few miles the hills crowd close upon the river and 
afford constantly shifting views. 

PUTNEY, 

Windham Go., Vt., 202 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion , 1,167. 

Another farming town. The village is a short distance to 
the left, just north of the little station. The road then passes 
through heavy cuttings and deep woods, and the river comes 

79 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


into occasional view below in its narrow valley. Far away to 
the right, among the New Hampshire hills, the village of 
Westmoreland comes into sight. Just above the church that 
stands north of the village the road-bed of the Cheshire Rail¬ 
road may be seen. This road, coming from Keene in a north¬ 
westerly direction, here enters the valley and follows the op¬ 
posite shore till the two unite at Bellows Falls. Several fine 
tobacco and dairy farms pass, and then the train stops at 

WESTMINSTER, 

Windham Co ., Vt ., 213 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion , 544. 

This town has some historical note as offering the first, 
though unarmed, resistance to the English authority in the 
Revolution. There having been some dispute between the 
Royal authorities at New York and the settlers here as to the 
titles of their lands, the people, early in March, 1775, took 
possession of the court-house and refused to allow the court 
to hold its sessions. The authorities fired upon the unarmed 
people, and two of the settlers were killed. The Royalists 
were then seized and taken to Northampton and lodged in 
jail. It is said that this resistance of the people to English 
authority precipitated the Revolution, as it was the indirect 
cause of the battle of Lexington. General Gage, in Boston, 
hearing of the Westminster affair, at once took steps against 
the Americans, and so it was that the spark here lit blazed up 
at Concord Bridge. 

The village is a small and pleasant place, about a mile 
south of the station. Opposite, in New Hampshire, is the 
town of Walpole, settled in 1782 by Colonel Benjamin Bel¬ 
lows, and since noted as the home of the Bellows family. 
It is a neat and pretty village, and a favorite summer resort 
on account of its seclusion, and the Swiss-like character of 
its scenery. The intervals by the river, and even the steep 

80 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


hillsides, are here covered with prosperous farms. Mount Kil- 
burn’s rocky peaks come into view, the houses multiply on 
the left, and by the shore is a group of substantial mills. 
The river roars and foams down its rapids, and after passing 
a short tunnel the train stops at 

BELLOWS FALLS. 

Rockingham , Windham Go ., T7., 216 miles from N. 7. 

Town Population , 2,854. Village Population , 697. 

Town's Hotel and Island House. 

Bellows Falls makes a convenient half-way house between 
New York and the mountains. The morning train from the 
city reaches here at the edge of the evening, and the noon 
train at midnight; and by stopping here over night a re¬ 
freshing night’s rest may be obtained, the chief places of in¬ 
terest easily seen in the morning, and the journey continued 
by daylight to the mountains. Bellows Falls has long been 
famous for its water-power and manufactures, and as a 
charming summer resort. The river here takes an abrupt 
turn, and by the aid of a dam and a short canal, the water 
is diverted and used in the mills south of the village, and 
below the rocky pass where the river seems to break through 
the hills. The river falls 42 feet in a short space, and the 
rapids make a picturesque feature of the place. The manu¬ 
factures are wood pulp for making paper and papers of all 
kinds. The paper used for the Boston Herald and other 
newspapers is made here, and many other places are supplied 
with poplar wood-pulp from these mills. The village is 
clustered about the paper-mills and railroads next the river, 
and scattered over the elevated plateau above, on the west¬ 
ern bank. 

The hotels, both owned by Mr. Charles Town, are among 
the best in Vermont. The Town’s Hotel on the business 
street is open all the season, and the Island House, on a com- 

4* 81 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


man ding site just above tbe depot and the falls, is open in 
tbe summer months, and makes one of the most charming 
homes to be found in the valley. The grounds about the 
house are finely laid out, and paths are cut through the 
woods and along the river bank, giving shady walks to.the best 
views, and affording secure and ample play-grounds for the 
children. From the hotel windows are fine views Up and 
down the valley for a long distance, while Mt. Kilburn, rising 
800 feet above the water, seems to overshadow the house. 
The chief points of interest and the best views are all within 
easy walking distance of the Island House. To reach the 
upper village, turn to the right from the hotel, and walk till 
the Town’s Hotel is reached. Here turn to the left up the 
hill. At the top, just beyond the church, admirable views 
may be obtained for miles down the river. Where the street 
divides, turn to the right up another sjhort hill, and after 
passing several fine residences, the curious basin of Saxton’s 
River will be reached. This singular depression in the hills, 
and the deep valley behind the town, are both of great inter¬ 
est, and of surpassing beauty. From this point the walk 
may be continued to the right through the village, till a long 
row of stately pines is reached. Here, under the shade of 
the trees, opens a magnificent view up the valley. The river 
and the railroad are below. The wooded hills stretch hill be¬ 
yond hill to the north, and the long gap is closed at the end by 
the noble form of Mount Ascutney, in Windsor. This moun¬ 
tain, though 27 miles away, is in full view, and makes a fit 
prelude to the grander peaks we are to see on our northward 
journey. Just here another road leading back to the lower 
town, and a shorter walk down to the right and to the left 
over the canal bridge, and past the station, will bring one to 
the Island House again. 

The falls are close beside the house, and a short walk to the 
left leads to the bridge over the rapids, and to the shady paths 

82 


NEW YOKK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


along- the shore to the right of the bridge. From the bridge 
and the road on the New Hampshire bank, good views may be 
obtained of the wild water as it roars and foams through the 
rocky gorge. The summit of Mount Kilbum, 1-J mile, may 
be reached by a good bridle path. Crossing the bridge, turn 
to the left for a few rods, and then the path may be seen 
on the right. Admirable roads extend along both banks of 
the river, and convenient drives may be taken to Walpole 
and other places of interest. Free carriages meet every 
train for the hotel, and the best of fare and good rooms may 
always be found at both houses. 

Bellows Falls is the junction of four railroads. The Cheshire 
Railroad from Fitchburg; the Rutland and Burlington Rail¬ 
road, extending northwest through Vermont to Burlington ; 
the Sullivan Railroad and the Central Vermont Railroad go¬ 
ing north, up the valley; and the Vermont Valley, over 
which we have just traveled—all meet here, and make close 
connections. Our train is on the left of the station, and in 
taking the cars, it is important to take one marked u Pas- 
sumpsic River,” as it will save the trouble of changing cars 
at White River Junction. The road now follows the east, or 
New Hampshire, side of the river, until we reach Windsor, 
some 26 miles farther on, and the best views may be seen 
on the left. 

After crossing the river, the road skirts the bank, giving 
fine views on the left of the same, romantic as below the 
Falls. The first station is 

SOUTH CHARLESTOWN, 

Charlestown , Sullivan Co ., N. R !, 220 miles from N. Y. 

This is a small farming place. The fine farms in the in¬ 
tervals, the comfortable homes and suggestive bams give a 
good impression of Vermont and New Hampshire thrift and 
industry, and the ancient beaches, or natural terraces, that 

83 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


extend for miles along the valley, make a strange geological 
feature of the scenery of peculiar interest. 

CHARLESTOWN, 

Sullivan Co., N.H., 224 miles from JY. Y. Town Population, 

1741. 

The village, charmingly located among the hills, presents an 
attractive appearance from the road as the cars approach the 
station. It was first known as Fort Number Four, and is one 
of the oldest settlements. It stood a three days’ siege in 
1747 against the French and Indians. Captain Stevens was 
rewarded for his bravery by a present of a sword from Sir 
Charles Knowles, an English naval officer in Boston, and from 
this incident the settlement took its present name. There 
are several woollen mills here, and it is an active town. The 
road then enters a wilder and more wooded country, and 
passes the little station of 

SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT. 

Farming is tne only interest, and in the bottom lands some 
fine samples of varied culture may be seen. The thriving 
village of Springfield is a few miles west of the station. The 
road now turns away from the river, and follows long upward 
grades till it reaches the station at 

NORTH CHARLESTOWN, 

Charlestown, Sullivan Co., JT. H., 229 miles from N. Y. 

The village lies in a deep valley below the road, and in the 
midst of the most beautiful scenery. The wooded hills 
stand round about it, and from the elevated station we can 
look out over the houses down into the valley and the river 
beyond, now lost among the hills. As the road leads on it 
winds among the hill-tops and past the upland farms. To 
the left, the peaks of Ascutney come into view over the hills, 
and the trains stop at 


84 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


CLAREMONT JUNCTION, 

Claremont , Sidlimn Co ., N. H., 233 miles from J7. 7. Town 
Population , 4,053. 

Claremont village is two miles east of this station, and is a 
place of some importance as a manufacturing center, on ac¬ 
count of the valuable water-power furnished by the Sugar 
River, that here flows westerly into the Connecticut. The 
road passes a number of deep cuts through sand and clay, 
and approaches the Sugar River bridge. Ascutney Mountain 
on the left comes into nearer view, and as the train rolls 
slowly out on the bridge, 105 feet above the foaming river, a 
scene of surpassing grandeur is opened on the left. Below is 
the river, the fertile plains that stretch out towards the Con¬ 
necticut, beyond the greater river among its wooded hills, 
and over all the triple peaks of Ascutney, rising 3,320 feet 
into the air above the smiling valley. The train stops just 
at the end of the bridge, and giving an opportunity to 
leisurely examine this magnificent prospect. Rarely can 
anything finer be seen in Europe, and this is our own New 
England. The white dots of houses so far below, are the 
comfortable homes of a cultivated and prosperous people, 
and there are no wretched ruins to mar the peaceful scene. 
The little station perched on the mountain side is 

WEST CLAREMONT. 

It is a convenient depot for the farmers hereabouts, and 
beyond the splendid scene it offers from its platforms it has 
no interest for us As the train goes on it quickens its pace, 
and at full speed runs down the long inclines that lead to the 
river below. Ascutney changes its form as we near it. New 
beauties of ragged flank and wooded peak come into view, 
and the traveler is charmed at its varying aspects. As the 
lower lands are reached, the comfortable farm-houses vie 
with the mountain in attractiveness. Then comes the 

85 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


long bridge over the Connecticut, and fine views open both 
up and down, and the train enters the station at 

WINDSOR, 

Windsor Co., Vt., 242 miles from N. Y. Town Population, 
1,700. 

This is a representative Vermont town. Water-power 
from Mill Brook is employed by machine-shops, foundries, and 
gun-shops. The United States Court House, the churches 
and banks, and the large number of elegant private resi¬ 
dences and summer villas are the chief objects of interest. 
The village is well laid out, and liberally planted with trees 
and in every direction are charming drives among the hills, 
or over the rich meadows by the river. There is a road and 
bridle path to Mount Ascutney, five miles, and from its sum¬ 
mit a view may be obtained that is said to be equal to some 
of those in the White Mountains. Windsor is also the 
center of one of the finest wool-growing districts in the 
State. The Sullivan road ends here, and the Vermont Cen¬ 
tral begins, but as we are in a Passumpsic River car, we have 
no need to change. Changing our seats might be desirable, 
for we are now on the Vermont shore, and the best views 
will be on the right. As the train starts again, some fine 
views of the Cornish Hills in New Hampshire are obtained. 
We cross Ball’s Brook on an open bridge that gives a free out¬ 
look over the country to the right, and of a pretty waterfall 
on the left. The scenery continues interesting till we reach 

HARTLAND, 

Windsor Co., Vt., 246 miles from N. Y. Town Population, 

1,710. 

The depot is in the woods, and the town is agricultural. 
After passing the station, pine woods and wild sandy hills are 
passed for several miles. There are occasional views of As¬ 
cutney down the stream, and the train stops at 

86 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


NORTH HARTLAND, 

Hartland, Windsor Go., Vt., 250 miles from N. Y. 

This is a small farming village in the northern part of the 
town. Soon after passing it the road crosses the Otta Que- 
chee River, over a bridge 650 feet long and 80 feet above the 
water. A natural waterfall on the left, just above the bridge, 
will here be noticed. The Connecticut becomes narrower 
and flows more swiftly between the slaty banks. The road 
passes through deep cuts of blue slate, and in a little while 
the scene spreads wider, and on the opposite shore may be 
seen the pretty village of Lebanon, in New Hampshire. The 
large brick building is the Tilden Female Seminary, a noted 
educational institution. The long railroad bridge comes in 
sight, and we reach 

WHITE RIVER JUNCTION, 

Hartford, Windsor Go., Vt ., 256 miles from N. Y. Town 
Population, 2,480. 

This is the junction of the Gentral Vermont, that here 
turns away to the northwest, up the valley of the White 
River, to Burlington and St. Albans, and the Connecticut and 
Passumpsic River Railroad, that goes northerly to Wells River, 
Lake Memphremagog, Sherbrooke, on the Grand Trunk Road 
in Canada, and the White Mountains. The Northern New 
Hampshire, connecting, via Concord, N. H., with Boston, 
here joins the two other roads, and all the trains meet at a 
common station. All trains stop here for dinner, and an ex¬ 
cellent restaurant and lunch rooms are provided. Of the cars 
that have made up our train so far, those marked Passumpsic 
River go on without change. As we took this car at Spring- 
field, or Bellows Falls, there is no change yet. The village is 
some distance to the west of the junction, and has an iron 
foundry and machine-shop. The various trains that have 
gathered round the station start away one after another, and 
our car enters upon the 


87 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Connecticut and Passumpsic River Railroad. 

T HIS road was opened for business from White River Junc¬ 
tion to Wells River (40 miles) in 1850, and to Derby (110 
miles) on the Canada line, where it connects with the Stan- 
stead, Stafford and Chambly line, to Sherbrooke, where it 
connects with the Grand Trunk trains to Quebec. From 
Newport a steamer in the summer months makes the tour of 
Lake Memphremagog every day. 

On leaving White River Junction the road crosses White 
River and goes on up the valley, through pine woods and past 
rapids in the now narrow river 

NORWICH AND HANOVER, 

Norwich, Windsor Co., Vt., 260 miles from N. T. Town Pop¬ 
ulation, 1,639. 

Hanover, Grafton Co ., N. H. Town Population , 2,085. 

Stage for 'Hanover connects with all trains. 

Norwich, in Vermont, is noted for its manufactures of 
shoes, leather, and cabinet ware. Hanover, in New Hamp¬ 
shire, is directly opposite the station, and has a fine elevated 
site on a plain 180 feet above the river, and has some manu¬ 
factories for hardware, paper, and furniture. It is a favorite 
place of resort in summer, as it presents many pleasant walks 
and drives, and is the centre of much of New Hampshire’s 
intellectual life. In the village stands Dartmouth College 
one of the most famous colleges in the country. It was founded 
in 1769, and named from William, the Earl of Dartmouth. 
It has been the Alma Mater of some of the most intel¬ 
lectual and highly cultivated men of the nation, and claims 

88 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


upon its rolls the names of such men as Webster, Choate, 
Woodbury, Marsh, and Chase. The college buildings are well 
worth a visit, if one can spare the time. From the depot 
nothing can be seen of either town. 

The next district passed is full of picturesque woodland 
scenery, and then a more open farming country is touched, 
and the train stops at 
/ 

POMPANOOSUC, 

Norwich , Windsor Co., Vt., 266 miles from N. Y. Stages to 
Union Village and Strafford , Vt. 

This is only a small station, and it is soon passed, and the 
country grows more open, quiet, and pleasing. Mining is 
carried on to a considerable extent in this region. The ore is 
used for manufacturing sulphuric acid, and is exported to 
Baltimore and other cities from stations hereabouts, as it is 
found in the town of Yershire, a few miles to the west of the 
road, and not far from 

THETFORD AND LYME. 

Thetford , Orange Co., Vt., 271 miles from N. Y. Town 
Population , 1,913. 

Lyme, Grafton Co ., N. II. Town Population, 1,358. Stages 
for West Fairlee , Vershire, and Chelsea, Vt. 

These two towns are neither in sight of the little station 
that is common to both. Thetford, in Vermont, is an active 
manufacturing place. The chief interests are woolens, fur¬ 
niture, and carriages. Slate is also quarried here. Lyme, 
in New Hampshire, is purely agricultural. 

As the train goes on the valley grows more hilly and sandy, 
and a couple of miles brings us to 

NORTH THETFORD, 

Thetford, Orange Co., Vt., 273 miles from N. Y. 

A mining and agricultural station. Picturesque views 

89 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


over the hills and river open on the right, and the train soon 
passes the little station of 

ELY. 

Beyond this the hills become bolder, and intrude upon the 
narrow strip of rich interval by the river. 

FAIRLEE AND ORFORD, 

Fairlee , Orange Co.,Vt., 278 miles from, JSf. 7. Town 
Population, 416. 

Orford, Grafton Co., N. II Town Population, 1,119. 

The pretty village of Orford in New Hampshire is in sight 
from the road as we pass, and then the hills grow higher 
and the valley narrows. A high, rocky cliff in the hills be¬ 
gins to hint of the mountain walls we are soon to see, and 
between the hills higher hills come into sight, and the land¬ 
scape puts on a mountain aspect. 

PIERMONT STATION, 

Pierinont, Grafton Co., N. H. Town Population , 792. 

This is the depot for the farming town of Piermont, on 
the other side of the river. The village lies some distance to 
the east among the hills. The views to the right increase 
in interest at every turn of the winding road. White’s 
River, a small stream flowing in from the west, is crossed 
and the train stops at 

BRADFORD, 

Orange Co., Vi., 285 miles from N. 7. Town Population , 

1,492. 

Stages to Corinth, Washington, Topsham, Orange, and Barre. 

Bradford is one of the largest manufacturing towns in this 
part of the Connecticut valley. White’s River furnishes 
water-power for extensive shops and foundries, and large 
quantities of castings, machinery, woolen goods, starch, 
and fish kits are annually made here. The village may be 

90 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


seen, in part, to the left. As one of those curious instances 
of Vermont inventive and scholastic genius, it may be 
mentioned that the first school globe in this country was 
here made in 1812. Beyond this station the valley widens 
again, and the hills retreat and open, changing views of the 
real mountains. We have now nearly come up level with 
the mountains, and Moose Hillock, 3,636 feet high, wins the 
admiring attention to the right up the river. In the early 
days of mountain travel, it was considered a great and 
notable peak, but since the greater glories of the White Hills 
have become familiar it seems less important. Other peaks 
at the south-western verge of the Franconia Mountains also 
show themselves, and excite pleasant anticipations of the 
journey’s end. 

SOUTH NEWBURY AND HAVERHILL, 

Newbury , Orange Co., Vt ., 289 miles from N T. 

Haverhill , Grafton Co., N. H. Town Population , 2,271. 

Haverhill is in sight on the bluff above the river on the 
New Hampshire shore, as the train nears the little station 
that is common to both villages. South Newbury is only a 
small farming place. The beauty of the scenery here 
attracts the eye continually, and the miles fly past almost too 
quickly. 

NEWBURY, 

Orange Co ., Vt ., 292 miles from N. 7. Town Population , 

2,241. 

Newbury is an ancient town, and long famous for its sul¬ 
phur springs and its charming scenery. The village is pleas¬ 
antly situate*d on a bluff to the left of the railroad, and to 
reach the station the train passes a short tunnel under the 
eastern end of the natural terrace on which it stands. There 
are several manufactories of leather, starch, paper, and 
shoes, and there is an excellent academy. The sulphur 

91 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


spring's have long been a favorite resort for invalids, and the 
two hotels are in the season well filled. The Connecticut 
River just here takes a great sweep to the east and then to 
the west, forming what is called the Great Ox Bow Meadows. 
The Franconia Mountains come into full view, and these, 
with the wooded hills and splendid farms, unite to beguile 
the traveler into making a long visit in Newbury. Mount 
Pulaski, just back of the village, gives a noble view over the 
great meadows, the river, and the hills, far to the east 
where the White Hills bound the horizon. No finer or more 
varied views can be found on the Connecticut this side of 
Mount Holyoke. Newbury has its Revolutionary heroes in 
General Jacob Bagley and Colonel Thomas Johnson, both of 
whom were men of mark in the town, and in the Battle of 
Bunker Hill the men of Newbury bore their honorable part. 

As the train rolls over the broad, smooth meadows, one 
cannot fail to remark the signs of a rich and prosperous 
agriculture on every hand. As we advance the mountains 
seem to draw near. The whole character of the country 
changes. The river becomes narrow, wild, and full of rapids, 
and the woods grow deeper and darker. Then the train 
stops at 

WELLS RIVER, 

Newbury , Orange Go ., Vt ., 296 miles from N. T. Stages 
for Byegate , South Byegate , and Groton. 

We now reach the last link in our chain of railroads, and 
here change cars for the White Mountains. The next road 
is the Boston, Concord, Montreal and White Mountain 
Railroad, and the cars will be found on the track at the right 
of our train. The village of Wells River is an •active manu¬ 
facturing place, having a good water-power in the little Wells 
River, that here flows into the Connecticut from the west. 
The railroad connections are important. The Passumpsic 
Road follows the Connecticut northward to St. Johnsbury, 

92 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


Lake Memphremagog, and Montreal; the Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal Road leads to the southeast via Plymouth, 
Lake Winnipiseogee, and Concord in New Hampshire, and 
on to Boston ; the Wells River and Montpelier Road leads to 
the west, to Montpelier, the capital of Vermont, and the 
White Mountain Road leads northeasterly past the Franconia 
and White Mountains to Northumberland, on the Grand 
Trunk line. They all unite at the junction, and the trains 
on each road. connect with all others. While the trains are 
waiting, it is worth the while to look about over the pictur¬ 
esque mountain views that are spread in every direction, for 
this is the gateway to the higher hills, and the most interest¬ 
ing part of the whole ride here begins. 

93 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Boston, Concord, and Montreal and White 
Mountain Railroad. 

T HIS last road, extending 1 some fifty-two miles from Wells 
River Junction to Northumberland, was opened to Little¬ 
ton in 1853, and has more recently been opened for through 
traffic. It is now operated by the Boston, Concord, and Mont¬ 
real R. R. Co., and hence its long name. 

As the train leaves the station and crosses the Connecti¬ 
cut, romantic views are opened in both directions, and in a 
moment after the train stops at 

WOODVHLE, 

Bath, Grafton Co ., N. II, 297 miles from N. Y. 

At once we come to a new and strange country. We enter 
the valley of the Lower Ammonoosuck, and at this little vil¬ 
lage see its white waters pouring over the log dam. Lum¬ 
ber in vast quantities lines the track, and saw-mills seem to 
be the chief interest. The delay here is short, and the train 
quickly plunges into the deep forest. The roaring, foaming 
stream is sometimes on one side, and sometimes on the other, 
and in the narrow pass it has cut through the hills, the road 
takes its devious way. The mountains are quickly lost to 
view among the trees. Deep rocky cuts and wild rough farms 
are passed in succession. The fields are in some places still 
black with the stumps of dead trees. Here and there a shat¬ 
tered tree, too much injured to be worth the felling, stands 
a monument to the great masts that once covered all these 
steep hills. 


94 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


# BATH, 

Grafton Co ., N. H., 302 miles from JY. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 1,169. 

This mountain town finds its chief business in the vast 
forests growing on its rocky hills, and in the village employs 
itself about its lumber-yards and mills. As we go on, some 
fine views of the mountains open to the right. The impet¬ 
uous river here shows the marks of its freshets in plowed 
and gravel-heaped meadows, foaming rapids and torn hill¬ 
sides. Every turn in the crooked stream shows new scenes 
of wild woods and wilder river. The hills grow higher and 
higher, and the valley seems an ever-opening gate-way into 
the heart of the mountains. 

LISBON, 

Grafton Co., JY. II., 307 miles from JY. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 1,844. 

The village, is scattered along both banks of the stream, 
and seems wholly devoted to wood working. Lumber and 
box materials cumber the track about the station in vast 
quantities, and the whole aspect of the place is of the woods, 
woody. Beyond, the valley grows even more crooked, and 
perplexing, and the forest crowds the track with its mighty 
trees and deep, dark thickets. No more splendid woodland 
scenes can be found than these, and the river fretting over 
its stones vies with them in winning the admiring attention. 

NORTH LISBON, 

Lisbon, Grafton Co., JY. II.. 312 miles from JY. Y. 

This is merely a small lumber station, and we soon leave 
it behind among its saw-mills. Splendid reaches up and 
down the valley then open to view. An occasional farm in 
the intervals relieves the monotony of the forests, and at 
every step some new glimpse of wooded hill or mountain peak 
catches the eye. Miles of these varied scenes pass, each 

95 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


more attractive, and we are almost unwilling to leave them 
as the mills and houses come into* sight beside the roaring, 
foaming falls at 

LITTLETON, 

Grafton Co ., N. 77, 316 miles from 2V. T. Town Popula¬ 
tion 2,446. Thayer's Hotel and Oak Hill House. 

Here we may do three things : keep on by rail to the Fa- 
byan House among the White Mountains; take the stage for 
the Profile House in the Franconia Mountains; or, what is 
far better, stay here over night and start fresh the next day. 
The stage ride, opening as it does our first views of the moun¬ 
tains, is exciting, and to the stranger something wonderful. 
To take it now, when weary with our long ride, will only un¬ 
fit one for its enjoyment. The usual breathless haste with 
which people “ do the mountains ” is anything but wise. To 
see and appreciate all the glories of this region one must be 
fresh, at ease, and free from care, worry about time, and the 
fretfulness of unseemly haste. So the correct thing to do is 
to stop here at least a few hours, or a night, get rested and 
refreshed, and then start fair. Besides this, Littleton offers 
most magnificent views of all the mountains, and we may 
have, as it were, a preliminary view, and gain a good idea of 
the country we are to traverse. 

The first surprise of the traveler in these mountains is the 
excellence of the hotels. At the station are free carriages in 
waiting for Thayer’s Hotel, on the main street, and a short 
ride will bring one to its hospitable doors. Oak Hill House, 
on the top of the hill, is open in the summer, and many fam¬ 
ilies make it their home for weeks during the season. 

Littleton is an active manufacturing town, and the village, 
spread along the right bank of the Ammonoosuck, is a very 
pleasant place. There is a handsome church and school- 
house, and a large number of excellent stores. There are a 
number of very fine walks in different directions, and every- 

96 


NEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


where are magnificent views of the mountains. From 
Thayer’s Hotel a pleasant walk may be taken by following 
the road to the left down the valley. Soon after passing the 
church the road leads over a hill, giving a noble view of 
the high hills that close in the town and river. By going on 
a short distance down into the valley and looking back, some 
fine views of Mount Lafayette and the Franconia Mountains 
may be obtained. All this road is full of attraction, and one 
may walk on for a mile or more with profit and pleasure. 

Perhaps the sun is setting behind the wood-fringed hills as 
we come out of the hotel. This is the best hour to get our 
first view of the mountains, and a few steps will place them 
all before us. Turn to the right for a few rods, and then 
take the little lane that leads up the hill to the school-house 
and the Oak Hill House. The school-house will be easily 
recognized, as it is a large square building, with Mansard roof 
and a clock-tower. Arrived at the school-house, turn your 
back to the sun, and look off towards the east. These are 
the mountains—the great White Hills. Eighty miles of ser¬ 
rated peaks stand in sharp outline against the purple sky. 
To the right the Franconia group, with Lafayette towering 
above them ; to the left the White Mountains, with Wash¬ 
ington crowning all the splendid view. To the stranger the 
first outlook upon the mountains comes with a sense of sur¬ 
prise, and it takes a few moments of silent wonder and ad¬ 
miration to take in the sight, and to correctly understand the 
extent and grandeur of the prospect. It is difficult to com¬ 
prehend that Lafayette that seems so near is twelve miles 
away, and Mount Washington more than twenty. On the 
level plateau that appears to spread from the mountains to¬ 
wards us may be seen the village of Bethlehem, and from 
its houses one catches an idea of the relative extent and 
height of the table-lands and peaks before us. But the 
houses about us intrude their commonplace forms, and ob- 

5 97 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


scure the view, and we had best walk on to the Oak Hill 
House, or beyond it to the bit of woods on the knoll behind 
it. Here the view will be unobstructed, and from the piazza 
of the hotel, or the more agreeable fields, we may sit and see 
all of the wonderful scene. The sun has sunk behind the 
wooded hills, and its yellow light streams upward among the 
ragged pines. The mountains still glow in its light. To the 
south, perhaps, they are growing purple as they lose the 
light of day. Slowly they all put on this purple shade. The 
sunlight lingers rosy round their tops. They seem to blush 
a deeper red as the daylight fades. The clouds glow, and 
the mountains. The rosy bloom changes to cherry, and 
climbs upward. The deep, dark woods seem bathed in rich¬ 
est purples and browns, while the peaks are tipped with fire. 

If one has more time, a short drive or walk up Pleasant 
Street, that leads to the left from the Main Street near the 
bridge, will take him over Mann’s Hill, and give even more 
extended views of both groups of mountains, besides fine 
Views to the north and west over the Green Mountains. By 
crossing the wooden bridge some picturesque views will be 
obtained of the river and the town, and by keeping on past 
the station along the Bethlehem Hoad, views of the White 
Mountains will be seen that will amply repay the trouble. 

Photographs make the best mementoes of a journey, and 
a well-selected collection of stereoscopic views makes a kind 
of pictorial journal of the trip. The manufacture of stereo¬ 
scopic views is a ruling interest in Littleton. Just above 
the depot, may be seen the establishment of Kilburn 
Brothers, one of the most extensive of its kind in the world. 
The Kilburn views are famous for their beauty and finish, 
and visitors will find it to their advantage to give the place 
a visit. 

The railroad and stage connections at Littleton make it a 
convenient point to enter all points of the mountain country. 

98 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The White Mountain Railroad extends in a northerly direc¬ 
tion through the towns of Whitefield, Dalton, Lancaster, 
and Manchester to Northumberland, where it joins the Grand 
Trunk Railroad. Lunenburg, Guildhall, and Gladstone, in 
Vermont, are also placed in easy reach by this line; and at 
Wing Road Station there is a short branch leading directly 
into the White Mountains, and ending at the Fabyan House. 
Concerning the stage routes, more presently. Just now our 
road lies on up the road to Lancaster. 

The road passes to the west and north of the mountains, 
so that the best views will be afforded on the right hand 
side of the car. The first few miles are through deep, dark 
forests, and along the bed of the fretful, foaming river, as it 
winds through the rough and rocky hills. The very wildness 
and loneliness of the woods, the blackened stumps and 
shattered masts, the wreck and rubbish of the stream, and 
the occasional waterfall and rude mill, present peculiar 
charms at every turn of the crooked road. Through gaps in 
the hills break views of the mountains, and presently the 
train stops at 

WING ROAD. 

Here the branch, or wing line, leads off to the right, and 
from the platforms of the little station the White Mountains 
stand out in bold relief against the sky, seeming only a 
mile or two away. Beyond this station the forest, and bare, 
stony hills and lovely farms cut off the view, and then the 
train stops in the midst of vast piles of giant logs and lum¬ 
ber at 

WHITEFIELD, 

Coos Co., N. H. Town Population , 1,196. 

This is a representative White Mountain town. The im¬ 
mense saw-mills, the busy railroad branching in every direc¬ 
tion, the smoky chimneys, and the swarms of sturdy, sun- 
browned men, the rows of neat houses, the deep valley, the 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


pretty .town with its spires beyond, the enormous scale on 
which the land seems to be spread before us, the forests in¬ 
truding on the gardens, and the gigantic mountains tower¬ 
ing over all, give the place an aspect peculiar to itself, and 
lead one to wish to stop and visit the strange, romantic 
village. There are a number of excellent boarding-houses 
in the village, and a large number of families spend the sum¬ 
mer in Whitefield, preferring it to the more fashionable re¬ 
sorts nearer the mountains. Stages meet the trains, and 
convey passengers direct to the hotels and boarding-houses. 
John’s River, flowing north-west into the Connecticut, is here 
crossed; and then, after more woods and upland farms, we 
reach 

DALTON, 

Coos Co ., N. II. Town Population , 773. 

■ This is a farming and lumber station for this town, and 
presents little of special interest. The character of the 
country gradually changes, and becomes more quiet and 
pleasing. 

SOUTH LANCASTER, 

Lancaster , Coos Co., N. H. 

This is an agricultural place, and the scenery is full of 
beauty and interest. The road enters the Connecticut Val¬ 
ley, and the rich and prosperous farms multiply in every 
direction. This region is the objective point of our valley 
journeyings. Nothing finer can be found in New England, 
and it is no small surprise that the town is the resort of hun¬ 
dreds of city families. 


100 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


LANCASTER, 

Coos Co., _ZV. H, 22 miles fro)m Littleton, lown Population, 
2,248. Hotels, American and Lancaster. Stages for the 
Waumbeck, Jefferson Hill, and Mount Adams Hotels. 

This is one of the largest villages in Northern New Hamp¬ 
shire ; and, in the traveling season, it is populous with city 
families, who gather here for the sate of the quiet, the pure 
mountain air, the lovely scenery, and the comparative free¬ 
dom from the confusion and expense incident to a fashiona¬ 
ble resort. The scenery is equal to anything in this region, 
and has an added charm in the more sober attractions of 
well-kept farms, trim meadows and gently flowing rivers* 
Lancaster is also a convenient center for the Waumbeck, Jef¬ 
ferson Hill, and the Mount Adams Hotels, and many other 
places of interest north of the White Mountains. The drives 
in and about the town and through the hill country in Ver¬ 
mont are delightful, and of pleasant walks there is no lack. 
Lancaster was incorporated in 1763, under the name of 
Upper Co-hos, and is now the chief judicial seat for the 
county. The Israel River flows through the village, and the 
Connecticut makes the western bounds of the town. From 
Lancaster, the railroad goes on to Northumberland, and at 
Groveton Junction taps the Grand Trunk. 

Returning by rail to Littleton, it may be in order to take a 
general view of the mountain region round about us, before 
entering upon its charms. Our view from the hill just above 
the hotel showed the two groups into which the mountains 
are divided. To the right, and nearest, are the Franconia 
Mountains, and to the left the White Mountains. We will 
take those nearest first. 


101 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


THE FRANCONIA MOUNTAINS. 

T HESE mountains, though not so high as the White Moun¬ 
tains by a few hundred feet, are real mountains—grand 
in proportions, noble in outline, and as awe-inspiring as their 
taller companions. They have all the characteristics of true 
mountains, and present many features of interest peculiar to 
themselves. The highest peak, Mount Lafayette, is only 700 
feet inferior to Mount Washington, and in and around Fran¬ 
conia Notch may be found scenes of marvelous beauty and 
grandeur. Here, Echo Lake, gem of mountain tarns, the 
solemn Old Man of the Mountain, with stony calm gazing 
down upon the petty creatures that gaze up at his strange 
face, the Flume, the Pool, and the Basin—each a wonder in 
its way. The White Mountains will not be forgotten in these, 
and they will fitly cap the climax of the hills. 

There are three ways of traveling through thq mountains : 
by the public stages, in your own team, or—best of all— 
afoot. The stages are the very best in the world, and may 
be patronized with safety and certainty. The horses are 
trained to their work, the drivers famous for their skill, and 
the regularity of the trips gives one certain assurance of close 
connections in every direction. The tariff is fixed and rea¬ 
sonable, and with ordinary care no one need fear imposition. 
One may be imposed upon anywhere in the mountains, and 
it is not to be expected that the laborious population who give 
their time and strength to the entertainment of the tourists 
are all liberal-minded angels, bent on doing good to simple- 
minded travelers. They are average Americans and quite as 
eager to turn a penny as any of us, and if they do charge 

102 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


what seems high prices, the traveler may be tolerably certain 
he would charge just about as much were he the mountaineer 
and the other man the traveler. It may here be remarked 
that the best seats are on top of the stage. 

The mountain wagons used here are a wonder and a de¬ 
light Queer-looking boxes on springs, with suggestive brakes 
and powerful horses, often four and six to a team, they seem 
a little risky at first sight, but half a mile’s ride will convince 
that they are the perfection of mountain carriages. These 
teams may be hired in Littleton for the whole grand tour of 
the mountains, or by the day, including drivers, and for small 
parties they are far preferable to the stages. For one or two 
who wish to travel by themselves a “buck board” maybe 
recommended. This, for such a small party, is the cream of 
driving, and, strange as the team looks, it is both convenient 
and pleasant. One thing the traveler may expect in this re¬ 
gion, whether he go in stage or buck board, and that is plenty 
of rain. It rains here without the slightest provocation, and 
in a free and careless manner that is sometimes exasperating. 
There is only one thing to do. Take a rubber overcoat or 
cloak—and let it rain. You may take an umbrella, but you’ll 
regret it, for it ruins the prospect and is a troublesome thing 
to keep up when the team goes swinging down the long hills, 
and when you wish you had just a few more hands to hold 
on by. 

Best of a]l is to walk, or, if your party is composed of la¬ 
dies and children, “ride and tye,” as it is called. That is, 
hire a team for half the party, and then take turns in walk¬ 
ing. For sensible people the walking tour is the one thing to 
do, the true way to see the mountains, and by far the least 
expensive method of traveling. The distances from hotel to 
hotel are nowhere excessive, and if any stretch seems a trifle 
too long the stages may be taken anywhere on the road. 
When people go to the mountains the most of them take 

103 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


about so much money, and generally stay as long as it lasts. 
When they get there they have such a particularly splendid 
time, and there is so much to see and enjoy, that they are 
sure to wish they had a little more money, that they could 
stay just a few days longer. Now, by walking, enough can 
be saved to easily add a number of days to the expedition, 
and all without any more fatigue. Where one rides in a 
coach he is sure to reach the hotel tired, dusty, and jolted 
into a state of general pulpiness and misery. The walker 
takes it by easy stages, has ten thousand glorious views the 
stage riders miss in the dust, and he really sees the country 
and the people. Oftentimes a good walker will make a 
twenty days’ trip through these mountains, climb all the 
peaks, and return to New York brown, fresh, in splendid 
health, and with the appetite of a wolf, and with a smaller 
bill to pay than his stage-riding companion. The walking 
is excellent everywhere. There is not the slightest danger 
of losing the way, and it is perfectly safe for young ladies, 
if two or more gentlemen are in the party. The trunks 
(if one is so unwise as to take them), may be forwarded 
from point to point by express, and with a good alpenstock 
a few hours’ walk in the morning and evening will easily 
enable one to go from hotel to hotel. For parties who 
wish such assistance guides and porters will be provided at 
the hotel in Littleton, or they may be taken at any of the 
wayside houses. 

THE PROFILE HOUSE. 

From Littleton by stage, team, or afoot, the road leads 
over the wooden bridge and up the hill by the station. Any 
one will point out the way, and the company of stages start¬ 
ing from the depot may be safely followed. Soon after leav¬ 
ing Littleton the road clears the valley, and then the bewil¬ 
dering panorama of mountain scenery begins, and every step 

104 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


becomes a pleasure. The walk is a good eleven miles, and, 
by starting early, the little village of Franconia may be 
reached before the day grows warm. The noon halt may be 
taken anywhere, and then, after a rest, the walk may be re¬ 
sumed at leisure. Mount Lafayette grows taller and taller, 
and Bald Mountain rises on the left. The vastness of the 
scale of everything makes one forget fatigue, and the sur¬ 
prise of Echo Lake and, at last, the hotel amid the mountains 
finishes the walk happily, and makes one well satisfied with 
both trip and ending. 

The Profile House is one of those palatial hotels called into 
existence by the luxurious demands of the traveling public, 
and it seems as if there was nothing one could reasonably de¬ 
mand that could not be found. The house stands 2,000 feet 
above the sea, and yet it seems sunk in a vast cleft in the 
land. The mountains rise steep from its very doors, and the 
horizon seems to have made an effort to reach the zenith and 
very nearly got there. Every luxury and convenience imag¬ 
inable is provided, and the tourist who seeks for anything he 
cannot find had better set out in search of his senses. Chief 
among the objects of interest within easy walking distance 
is 

THE OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN. 

A few rods down the road to the south is a small mountain 
lake, and above it, a thousand feet overhead, is “the great 
stone face,” one of the wonders of the natural world. It is 
useless to talk about it. There it is, and the looking is more 
than the telling. Even a photo, would be feeble, and, having 
seen it, one will never forget it. The lake beneath it, stu¬ 
pidly called “ the Old Man’s Wash-bowl,” is Profile Lake, the 
head-waters of the Pemigewasset, one of the sources of the 
Merrimack. 

ECHO LAKE. 

This lovely mountain lake of itself is enough to win ad- 

5* 105 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


miring attention. Half a mile’s walk to the north from the 
hotel will bring one to its shores, and boats will quickly take 
one out on its quiet water, where its multiple echo may tickle 
the ear. 

BALD MOUNTAIN. 

A two-mile ride or walk over a good road will take one to 
this mountain top and give a fine view of the Ammonoosuck 
valley to the north, Echo Lake and the Notch to the south, 
and Mount Lafayette towering over all. 

CANNON MOUNTAIN. 

From the lawn before the hotel may be seen the green 
mass of rock on the top of this mountain that suggests a 
great gun and gives a name to the peak. There is a good 
foot-path, and the tourist bound to do everything may make 
the trip with ease, as it is only a small matter of some 1,500 
feet, and the views are excellent. 

MOUNT LAFAYETTE. 

This mountain, 5,000 feet high, is the highest of the Fran- 
conias, and from its summit may be obtained views scarcely 
inferior to those from Mount Washington. It is a five-mile 
trip, two miles along the road past Profile Lake. At the ruins 
of the old Lafayette House the mountain road is seen entering 
the woods to the left. The view from the summit has been 
thus described: 

“ Such grandeur as is spread before you more than re¬ 
pays the toil necessary to reach the summit. Lofty moun¬ 
tain peaks without number lie before you on every hand. 
West, in the hazy distance, is the Green Mountain range— 
Mount Mansfield, Camel’s Hump and Jay Peak towering above 
their neighbors. Intervening are the valleys of the Ammo¬ 
noosuck and the Connecticut. North is the glorious and grand 
old peak, Mount Washington—the Tip-Top House, if not cloud 

106 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


covered, in full view. Lying between are the summits of 
smaller mountains, while a trackless wilderness stretches far 
away towards the east, where peak upon peak rises skyward. 
A little to the left is old Kearsarge, and to the right the 
sharp spur of Chocorua seems to pierce the very sky. South, 
you look down upon the lovely valley of the Pemigewasset, 
which has seemingly widened into broad meadows, and, forty 
miles distant, the eye rests upon Plymouth, and the beauti¬ 
ful Lake Winnipiseogee, with its innumerable islands. You 
linger long in contemplating the scene, and wonder how it is 
possible that so much sublimity should remain so compara¬ 
tively unknown to the great world of humanity within a 
day’s ride, and yet so accessible.” 

This trip is usually made on horseback, but, by taking the 
stage down the road to the entrance of the bridle-path, it 
makes a good one day’s trip on foot. Ponies and guides may 
be obtained at the Profile House. 

THE BASIN AND THE POOL. 

For the walking party, another good day’s tramp may be 
taken down the road to the Basin, distant four miles from 
the house. This is a natural bowl or basin worn in the na¬ 
tive rock by the fretful river, and well worth seeing as a cu¬ 
riosity. A mile and a half farther on, near the old Flume 
House, another path leads half a mile through the forest to 
the Pool, ano'ther spot of romantic interest. Just beyond 
the site of the old hotel the carriage road turns off to the 
east, and stops near 

THE FLUME. 

This chasm in the mountain side, with its singular water¬ 
falls, its mossy, fern-clad walls, its suspended boulder, and 
cool and charming depths, and silvery brook, makes one of the 
most beautiful spots in the mountains, and if the traveler in 
foolish haste skips much, let him not omit to see this. 

107 


CONNECTICUT RIVER EOUTE. 


Returning to the road, a trip two miles to the south, to the 
Georgiana Falls, may be made ; or, on the way back to the 
house, and when about three miles short of it, a brief halt may 
be made to view Walker’s Falls, in the woods to the right. 

The road down the Pemigewasset. Valley leads from the 
Profile House to Plymouth, 80 miles distant, on the Boston, 
Concord and Montreal Railroad, and travelers coming from 
the White Mountains frequently return home this way, as 
Plymouth is not far from Weirs, one of the steamboat land¬ 
ings on Lake Winnipiseogee, and on the direct road to Boston. 

From the Profile House our path lies back towards Little¬ 
ton, and on through Bethlehem to the White Mountains. 
The coaches run direct to the Crawford House and Crawford 
Notch, but it is not a hard walk, particularly if one makes 
two stages of it, and uses Bethlehem as a half-way house 
where to spend the night. 

i BETHLEHEM. 

This is a village of boarding-houses, and, during the sea¬ 
son, is populous with representatives from every State. The 
entire White Mountain range is in full view, and it will be 
well worth the while to make a more or less prolonged stay 
here, both for the society, the quiet of the village homes, and 
the splendid scenery. Two miles beyond Bethlehem are the 

LOWER AMMONOOSUCK FALLS. . 

This river is one of the wildest in the State, and a visit to 
these falls will well repay the time and trouble. 

108 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


✓ 

THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

W E are now entering the smaller and higher group of moun¬ 
tains properly called the White Hills, or White Moun¬ 
tains. They occupy a part of Coos and Grafton Counties, 
and cover an area of about 40 square miles. They include 
the peaks of Mount Webster, 4,000 feet above the sea; Jack- 
son, 4,100 ; Clinton, 4,200; Pleasant, 4,800 ; Franklin, 4,900 ; 
Monroe, 5,800; Madison, 5,361; Clay, 5,400; Jefferson, 
5,710; Adams, 5,800; and Washington, 6,285, the highest 
peak with one exception east of the Mississippi. The Indian 
name of the group is Agiocochook, and each had its Indian 
name before some feeble-minded creature stuck on the pres- 
sent absurd titles that have so unhappily clung to them. 

THE TWIN MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 

This is a favorite house on the line of the branch railroad, 
and within easy reach of Mount Washington, and in the neigh¬ 
borhood of many objects of interest. Mount Lafayette and 
the Franconia Mountains on the right, and Washington and 
the White Mountains on the left, are in full view. Arrived 
here, we really seem to be in the very midst of the eternal 
hills, and at the crowning of our journeyings. The carriage 
road and the railroad lead still deeper into the mountains, 
and in a few miles farther on we come to the 

Wcmmbeck House ten miles north of the Twin Moun¬ 
tain House, at Jefferson Hill, on Starr King Mount, and 
commands one of the most glorious views of the whole White 
Mountain Kange that can be obtained anywhere. The 
Waumbeck is best reached from Lancaster Station. 

109 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


WHITE MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 

This is one of the oldest houses in this region, and gives 
fine views of Mount Washington. Half a mile further on, 
and at the end of the railroad, is the 

FABYAN HOUSE. 

This is another of the magnificent hotels that have sprang 
up in this mountain district. It offers every comfort and 
luxury heart could wish, and it is in the immediate neigh¬ 
borhood of some of the most charming places in the moun¬ 
tains. The Fabyan House is the terminus of the Boston, 
Concord and White Mountains It. R., and parties not wishing 
to visit the Franconia Hills and Profile House will keep on 
the cars until they reach this point, instead of leaving the 
railroad at Littleton. The carriage road to the station on the 
Mount Washington Railway begins here, and an easy ride 
of six miles brings us to this remarkable railroad. 

CRAWFORD HOUSE. 

This fine hotel is four miles east of the Fabyan House, and 
in the very heart of the White Hills, at the threshold of the 
famous White Mountain Notch. A few moments’ walk from 
its doors leads to this strange gateway in the hills, and a two 
miles’ tramp will take one to the top of Mount Willard, where 
fine views are obtained of the Notch, the scene of the Willey 
House disaster, and the valley of the Saco. Near’the hotel 
is the line that marks the water-shed between the Connecti¬ 
cut and the Saco, the water flows one way to the east, to 
Maine, and the other way to Vermont and Massachusetts and 
Long Island Sound. 

THE NOTCH AND THE WILLEY HOUSE. 

The gate-way of the Notch, “ the infant Saco,” struggling 
with the road in escaping through this gap in the mountain, 

110 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


the Flume Cascade and Silver Cascade, and the Willey 
House, are all within easy walking distance, and well worth 
the visit. The Notch is some three miles in length, through 
which flows the Saco River, gradually widening as it pro¬ 
ceeds, and receiving other streams from the mountain sides. 
Wild and abrupt cliffs and rocky ramparts extend the whole 
distance, towering in some places to the height of 2,000 feet. 
The Willey House is simply curious as the scene of a great 
land-slide that years ago swept the family who lived here to 
destruction. The house was saved, but the people, endeavor¬ 
ing to escape, were lost. 

Returning to the hotel, Beecher’s Cascade, G-ibbs’ Falls, 
and the Mount Willey Cascades may easily be visited. Guides 
may be obtained at the hotel. 

By stages travelers formerly went down the Notch, past 
the Willey House and the old Abel Crawford place, and on 
down the Saco Yalley to Ellis River, where a turn is taken 
to the east and north, past Jackson, to the Glen House on 
the east side of the mountains. The railroad from Portland 
is slowly pushing up the Notch, and in time a large part of 
this ride may be taken by rail. Glen Ellis Falls and other 
objects of interest are to be seen by this route, and it is still 
a favorite ride for those who have the leisure and inclination 
to see this most beautiful part of this country. 

The usual route to the Glen is now by the railway over 
Mount Washington, and then down on the eastern side by the 
famous carriage road. 


Ill 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


The Mount Washington Bail way. 

rpHE idea of building- a railway up Mount Washington is 
X several years old, but no fixed plans were formed until 
1866, when an experimental section of 100 feet was laid. 
The results of this experiment were so satisfactory, that a 
joint-stock company was formed and the work seriously 
begun. Most of the stock is owned by the Boston , Concord 
and Montreal , and the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers 
Railways , also by Cheney & Co.'s Express. The cost of con¬ 
struction has been about $100,000. Peculiar difficulties have 
attended the building of this road, for not only was the steep 
and rocky mountain-side to be overcome, but the workmen 
were constantly driven from their labor by fierce storms which 
swept down upon them when least expected. At best, not 
more than six months in a year could be counted on in which 
work would be possible, and during many days of each month 
it was sure to be interrupted to a greater or less extent. 

The peculiarity of the railway is that it ascends 3,606 feet 
in a distance of about three miles. The grade is in some 
places 13£ inches to the yard, or more than one foot in three. 
The track is laid on a strong trestle-work of heavy timber, 
braced and bolted in the most substantial manner, and rest¬ 
ing on the rocky foundations of the mountain itself. This 
trestle-work varies from a foot to twenty feet in height, ac¬ 
cording to the form of the mountainside. Wrought-iron 
rails are bolted to heavy timbers, at about the same distance 
apart as those of ordinary railways. Midway between these, 
strongly clamped and bolted to the sleepers or cross-ties, is a 
third rail of peculiar construction. Imagine a narrow ladder 

112 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


of wrought iron, with its rounds about four inches apart, 
placed between the rails of an ordinary railway, and you 
have a good idea of this middle rail. The manner in which 
motion is imparted to the train is as follows : Under the 
engine and over the middle rail is a driving-wheel, with cogs, 
so arranged as to fit between what we have termed the 
rounds of this ladder. This wheel being set in motion, of 
course passes along the ladder, inserting its cogs between the 
successive rounds, and thus climbing, so to speak, along the 
track. 

An iron clamp is so arranged as to hold the engine firmly 
on the track, even if its own weight were not amply suffi¬ 
cient for that purpose. The engine is in other respects 
adapted to the special duties required of it, and is built in 
the strongest and most durable manner. The car has seats 
for forty or fifty persons. The seats are hung so that they 
adjust themselves to the varying steepness of the grade. 
Powerful self-acting brakes are attached both to the engine 
and car, so that an accident to one will not affect the other. 

We have no hesitation in saying that, considering the rate 
of speed at which the trains are run, a traveler is as safe in 
making this ascent as he is when traveling on an ordinary 
express train. 

Three trips are made up the mountain, and back, daily. 

The Fabyan House is the most convenient place from 
which to reach the Mount Washington Railway. 

MOUNT WASHINGTON. 

There is an old, little path from Crawford’s, leading over 
the tops of several ]>eaks; and, though it is often followed 
both in going and returning, on foot or on horseback, it is in 
a measure neglected since the railway was opened. To reach 
the railway we return to Fabyan’s, and take the carriage road 
to the little station in the woods known as the Base. Coaches 

113 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


start from the Crawford in ample time to reach the first train 
up the mountain, and the rail trip only takes an hour and a 
half. This railway, built in 1869, climbs 3,606 feet in going 
three miles, and is one of the most remarkable roads in the 
world. It is a curious piece of engineering, and perfectly 
safe. From the car windows magnificent views of the moun¬ 
tains may be obtained, and at last the singular journey ends 
at the Summit House, and the tip-top point of our travels. 

This is the crown of New England. From this rough pile 
of bare rocks three States may be seen at once. If the day 
is clear, the prospect is one of the finest in the world. If 
clouds roll past and cover the world below from sight, a no more 
hopeless sort of place can be found. The peak then becomes 
a contracted island, with gray mist for a sea. However, 
mountain weather is fitful, and it may clear away in a few 
moments, and change its whole character almost before one 
is prepared for the wonderful transformation that takes place. 
The view from this lofty elevation is unequaled by any on 
the eastern side of the North American Continent, of which 
a description can give but a faint conception. “ Around you 
in every direction are confused masses of mountains, bearing 
the appearance of a sea of molten lava suddenly cooled while 
its ponderous waves were yet in commotion. In the south¬ 
east a faint glimmering of the Atlantic is seen, 65 miles dis¬ 
tant, ‘laving the shores of Maine.’ Numerous lakes, from 
the Winnipiseogee to small mountain ponds, are scattered 
here and there. In the north-east is Mount Katahdin, the 
loftiest peak in Maine; in the western horizon are the Green 
Mountains of Vermont, and to the south and south-west are 
Mount Monadnock and Kearsarge, while the intermediate 
spaces are filled with every variety of landscape,—mountains, 
hills, rivers, plains, and forests blending to form a scene 
awe-inspiring and sublime.” At morning and night there is a 
tolerable certainty of seeing displays of earthly and heavenly 

114 


NEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


prospects, vast views of mountains, or vaster heaps of clouds, 
and the traveler should stay all night for the chance of seeing 
the sunset and sunrise. 

THE MOUNT WASHINGTON SUMMIT HOUSE, 

The highest hotel in the country, presents every comfort 
and convenience one could expect in such a spot. If you do 
not find everything exactly like the Fifth Avenue, consider 
the situation, and be content. Everything is provided that 
can be; and every sensible visitor is surprised to find so much. 
Once in a while some helpless silly one makes demands at this 
house that are truly wonderful for stupidity. Every pound 
of coal, every scrap of food on the tables, every plank and 
nail in the house, had to be carried up from below, and it is 
a triumph of American skill and energy that so much is ac¬ 
complished, and that so many luxuries are provided. Natu¬ 
rally, the prices seem high ; but the spot is high, and it costs 
enormously to get things up here. The great show-piece at 
the house is to get up and see sunrise. Everybody assists at 
this ceremony. It may be a trifle cool, and the wind may 
be keen; but it is not to be missed at any expense of dis¬ 
comfort. It is quite useless to describe either sunrise, sun¬ 
set, cloud scenery, or a vast view from the mountain-top. 
Words fail, and even a photograph seems pale and unsatis¬ 
factory. A number of writers, from Starr King downwards, 
have tried to describe the views from Mount Washington. 
Mr. King’s is the best failure : the rest present various de¬ 
grees of failure. Visit and see for yourself. That is the 
only satisfactory way to get an idea of it. As the sensible 
traveler said to the poor student who wanted to see Europe : 
u Live on crusts, save money, run in debt even ; but go and 
see for yourself; and when you return, it will be easy to 
pay the bill, from the inspiration of the visit.” It may not 
be worth while to run in debt to visit the White Mountains; 

115 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


but no American young man or woman can afford not to go, 
at least once, and it were better to stint one’s self of city 
.luxuries that the money may be spent in seeing the greater 
glories of this wonderful and awe-inspiring spot. 

Ample time will be afforded while here to inspect the 
United States Signal Service Station, and to see the Lizzie 
Bowne monument, and to walk about over the wild rough 
stone heaps that make the cone and crown of the Eastern 
States. 

The journey down again is best taken by stage over the 
splendid carriage road that leads down the eastern slopes to 
the Glen House. The views from this road as one rides 
through the clouds are magnificent; and the trip ends in one 
of the deepest and most beautiful valleys in this whole region. 

THE GLEN HOUSE. 

This well-known and popular house stands between Mount 
Carter, 3,000 feet high, on the east, and Mounts Washington, 
Clay, Jefferson, Adams, and Madison, almost twice as high, 
on the west. From this point we may go north to 

GORHAM. 

This beautiful village,, on the Grand Trunk Railroad, is a 
favorite resort for city families who come to spend the sum¬ 
mer among these northern hills. Jefferson, Randolph, and 
Lancaster are easily reached by stage from here, and by rail 
one may return to Boston and New York via Portland, Maine. 
Another and better route is to return via the lake country. 
Returning to the Glen House, we may take stage down the 
Pinkham Notch and the charming Saco Valley to 

NORTH CONWAY. 

Hotels , Kearsarge House , North Conway House , Sunset Pavil¬ 
ion , etc. 

This village makes the south-east entrance to the White 
Hills. The mountains here present some of their most striking 

116 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


aspects, and Mount Kearsarge, Mote Range, Cathedral Peaks, 
and other lesser hills are close at hand. The wide meadows 
known as the Conway Intervals and the sparkling Saco make 
an added feature to the mountain view, and it is no wonder 
that North Conway has been the theme of poet and painter 
in many a splendid effort. The Ledges, Diana’s Bath, the 
deep chasm known as the Cathedral, the White Horse, and 
many other objects of interest are in the immediate neigh¬ 
borhood, and well worth a visit. From North Conway two 
railroads return to Boston. A branch of the Eastern Railroad 
leads via Great Falls and Portsmouth, and the Portland and 
Ogdensburgh road leads to Portland, Me. Our route lies by 
the Eastern road, via Conway to 

LAKE WINNIPISEOGEE, 

The “smile of the Great Spirit,” as the Indian name im¬ 
plies, is of all this lovely country the very crown and charm. 
The lake, spread out into seven wide bays, is one of the most 
charming sheets of water in the whole world. A sail over 
its limpid waters, past its countless islands and deep wooded 
shores may make a fit ending to our mountain travels. Quiet 
villages dot its winding shores, and noble hills and mountains 
stand round about on every side. 

The Lake occupies a large part of Carroll and Belknap 
Counties, N. H., and is twenty-five miles long, and from one 
to seven miles wide. From Conway we ride some fourteen 
miles to West Ossipee by rail, and here a stage route takes 
us seventeen miles through a charming country to the north¬ 
ern end of the Lake at 

CENTER HARBOR. 

Hotels, /Senter House and Moulton House. 

This is a favorite summer resort, and one of the most de¬ 
lightful villages in Northern New Hampshire. The lake 
abounds in fish, and boating and fishing excursions may be 
made in every direction upon the transparent waters of the 

117 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


lake. Red Hill, an elevation of about 2,500 feet, a few 
miles from the village, affords a magnificent view of Win- 
nipiseogee, Squam Lake and the mountains. The White 
Mountains are visible to the north, the Ossipee Mountains to 
the east, and Chocorua to the north-east. South, over the 
lake may be seen Kearsarge and Monadnock and Belknap on 
either side, and in every direction lie deep woods, pretty 
villages and the silver sheets of the lakes. 

From Center Harbor steamers sail every day for Weir’s 
Landing on the west, and Alton Bay on the south, and to the 
other villages on the shores of the lake. To return to New 
York we may go to Weir’s Landing and take the Boston, 
Concord and Montreal Railroad, and go north to Wells River, 
and thence down the Connecticut Valley the way we came, 
or turn south to Manchester and Nashua, N. H., and reach 
New York via Worcester and Springfield, Mass., or turn 
aside through Lowell to Boston, and thence back by any one 
of the five lines to New York. 

By the steamer to Alton Bay we may connect with the 
Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad to Dover, N. H., and 
thence by the Boston and Maine Railroad to Lawrence and 
Boston. To avoid Boston the traveler may change at Law¬ 
rence, and via Lowell, South Framingham, Mansfield, and 
Fall River, Mass., reach the Newport boats for New York. 

Lake Winnipiseogee naturally ends our tour of the Con¬ 
necticut Valley and the White Mountains. From the Lake 
we may return to the mountains and go down the river, or 
turn aside to the charming New England coast, and visit the 
city of Boston and its beautiful surroundings, or go on to 
Newport, Rhode Island, the great seaside watering-place and 
pleasure resort of the East. It makes a happy ending of oiir 
mountain journey to visit the sea, and the route by the 
Sound gives one of the most remarkable steamboat sails to be 
found in this or any other country. 

118 


TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL STATEMENT 

PHCENIX 

Mutual Life Insurance Company 

OF HARTFORD, CONN, 

JANUARY 1, 1875. 


INCOME FOR 1874. 

Premiums...$2,725,257 73 

Interest. 651,097 24 


Total Income.$3,376,354 97 

EXPENDITURES. 

Losses and matured endowments.$872,812 49 

Purchase of surrendered policies. 31,986 52 

Dividends to policyholders. 929,970 43 

Commissions and salaries of general and special agents. 282,936 80 

Medical Examiners’ fees. 19,764 84 

Salaries of officers and employees. 37,850 01 

Taxes . 58,986 57 

Printing, advertising, and all other expenses. 84,696 26 


Total expenditures.$2,319,003 92 

ASSETS. 

Loans on real estate.$4,586,211 98 

Loans secured by collaterals.. 181,691 13 

Premium notes on policies in force. 3,639,330 00 

Stocks and bonds. 590,335 00 

Cash in office and bank.*.. 404,749 94 

Interest accrued on cash loans and bonds. 178,077 82 

Deferred and outstanding premiums (less cost of collection). 515,480 60 

Furniture, 6afes, etc. (33 per cent of oost). 9,737 37 


Total assets. . $ 10 , 105,613 84 

LIABILITIES. 

Death claims reported and not due...$ 228.333 00 

Re insurance reserve (4)£ per cent, interest, New York standard). .8,749,880 00 

Total liabilities.$8,978,213 00 


Surplus, N. Y, Standard, . . $1,127,400 84 

Surplus, 4 per cent. Conn. Standard, • 433,603 84 


Policies in force.’...33,416 

Amount insinted thereby.....$69,211,105 OC 

J. F. BURNS, Secretary. E. FESSENDEN, President, 

J. M. HOLCOMBE, Assistant Secrete-’ 




































ALBANY AND NEW YORK 

DAY LINE 


On the Hudson River. 


Summer Arrangement for Pleasure Travel. 


THE STEAMBOATS 

C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW 

LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY 

(SUNDAYS EXCEPTED), 

From Vestry Street at 8.35, and West 24th 
Street at 9.00 A.M. 


G-OTIsra- NORTH. 

G-OTTsTG- SOUTH. 

NEW YORK: 

A.M. 

1 

AFBANY. . 

A.M. 

Vestry Street . 


Hudson . 


Twenty-Fourth Street..9.00 

Catskill .. 

.11.00 

West Point . 

. 11.40 

• 

P.M. 

Cornwall .... 


Rhinebeck . 



P.M. 

Poughkeepsie .. 

...1.15 

Newburgh . 

. 12.15 

Newburgh . 

...2,10 

Poughkeepsie . 

......1.10 

Cornwall . 

...2,25 

Rhinebeck . 


West Point . 

...2.50 

Catskill . 

. 3.20 

NEW YORK: 


Hudson . 

. 3.35 

Twenty-fourth Street.. 

...5.30 

AFP ANY . 

. 6.00 

Vestry Street . 



CONNECTING AT ALBANY WITH ALL POINTS 
NORTH AND WEST. 

SPECIAL TRAINS TO AND FROM SARATOGA. 

Leave Albany at 8.30 A.M. on arrival of Chicago Express, on the New York 
Central Railroad. 

ISAAC L. WELSH, G. T. A., New York. 




























“AMERICAN,” 

BOSTON. 

The Largest First-Class Hotel 

IN NEW ENGLAND. 

CONVENIENTLY LOCATED FOR PLEASURE OR BUSINESS. 

CONTAINS 

PASSENGER ELEVATOR, 

SUITES and SINGLE APARTMENTS, 

WITH 

BATH ROOMS and CLOSETS ADJOINING 
Noted throughout the country for its cleanliness and comfort. 

BILLIARD HALLS, TELEGRAPH OFFICE, AND CAFE. 



LEWIS EIOE & SON, 







THE 


ARLINGTON HOTEL 

At WASHINGTON, D. 0. 

T. ROBSSLK Sc SON, Proprietors. 


The Arlington House , is well worthy of the first-class patronage 
which it receives. It is situated on the corner of 15th and H streets, 
on the highest ground, with the exception of the ground on which 
the Capitol building stands, and in one of the most delightful and 
interesting portions of the city. The southern wing fronts the beau¬ 
tiful Lafayette Park, in which is the celebrated bronze equestrian 
statue of Jackson, and opposite which are the “ White House,” U.S. 
Treasury Building, and the U. S. War and Navy Departments. 
The residence of the Secretary of State is a few rods to the north 
of the hotel—and all the public buildings are within easy distance. 
The hotel is five stories high, with brown stone front, and is fur¬ 
nished in elegant style, with all the modem improvements for hotel 
comforts and conveniences. Among them are a fine passenger ele¬ 
vator—the only one in any hotel in Washington—closets on all the 
floors, signal bells, etc. The dining hall is one of the handsomest 
and most pleasantly situated in which we have ever been enter¬ 
tained, and the bountiful and sumptuous repasts, the polite atten¬ 
tion and the general hospitality of the room add materially to the 
comfort and happiness of the patrons of the house. A large num¬ 
ber of the rooms are arranged in suites, with all the conveniences 
for family use. The proprietors of the hotel, Messrs. T. 
Roessle & Son, also conduct the magnificent and celebrated 
Fort William Henry Hotel at Lake George , the finest summer 
resort in America. To the patrons of the Fort WiUiam Henry 
we need only say, that what it is in the summer resort world 
the Arlington is among the hotels of the Capital. 

Respectfully, 

The Editor of Tainyor’s Route and City Guides. 





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Sold by Stationers and Booksellers generally. 


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TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 758 Broadway, N. Y. 







FALL RIVER LINE 

Between New York and Boston 

VIA NEWPORT AND PALL RIVER. 

STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 

5 P M Daily (Sundays, June 27 th to Aug. 29 th inclusive,) 
I ■ III ■ from Pier 28 , N. R., ft. of Murray St.; 4 P.M. in winter 

THE WORLD-RENOWNED STEAMERS 

BRISTOL, PROVIDENCE, 

COMMANDER, A. G. SIMMONS. COMMANDER, B. M. SIMMONS. 

Trains leave Boston from the Old Colony R. R. Depot, cor. 
South and Kneeland Sts., at 4:30 and 5:30 P. M., (and Sundays, 
June 27 th to Aug. 29 th, inclusive, at 6:30 P. M.,) connecting with 
these magnificent Steamers at Fall River. 

Steamers leave Newport at 8:30 P. M. 

The Very Best Route to and from New York, Boston, Taunton, 
New Bedford, Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, the White 
Mountains, and all points East, South, and West. 

3VE USIO. 

The Management having in view the ENTERTAINMENT as well 
as the COMFORT AND SAFETY of their patrons, have at great 
expense engaged, for the season of pleasure travel, Hall’s Celebrated 
Reed, String and Brass Bands, which will entertain passengers every 
evening with a GRAND PROMENADE CONCERT . 

POE TICKETS AND STATEROOMS 

in New York, apply at 241 & 529 Broadway, Broadway, cor. 23 d St., 
Dodd’s Express Office, 944 Broadway, and 4 Court St., Brooklyn, 
at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices, at the Office on the Pier, 
and on board of Steamers 

In Boston, at No. 3 Old State House and at Old Colony R. R. Depot 
Through Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South 
and West. Baggage checked to destination. 

THE ONLY DIRECT LIKE TO AND PROM NEWPORT. 

Ask for Tickets via Fall River Line. 

I. R. KENDRICK, Sup't, BORDEN & LOVELL, Agents, 

O. G. Ji. 7e„ Boston, O. C. S. B. Co., New Tor*. 

GEO. L. CONNOR, Gen’l Pass'r Agt., 0. C. S. B. Co., New York. 



THE EQUINOX HOUSE 


(FOOT OF MT. EQUINOX), 

MANCHESTER, - - VEBMOMT, 


Open from June to October. 


Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H. ORVIS, 

Manchester, the leading summer resort of the G-reen Mountains, is two hun¬ 
dred miles nortkh of New York, fifty miles north of Troy, and thirty miles south of 
Rutland, on the Harlem Extension Division of the Central Vermont Railroad. It 
has about three miles of white marble sidewalks, finely shaded with elm and 
maple trees, and is the most charming summer resort in New England. 

The 6rip to the top of Mt. Equinox should be taken by every visitor. An ex¬ 
tended and magnificent view is obtained from the Summit House. The road is 
in fine order, and four-horse mountain wagons run to the top in two hours. 

Manchester can be reached from New York during the summer in six and a 
half hours by Hudson River Railroad, via Troy. Drawing-Room Cars through 
without change. 

Hudson River Night Steamers connect at Troy with 8 A M. Train, reaching 
Manchester at 10:20 A.M. 

Central Vermont Railroad Day Express brings Passengers from Montreal, 
Highgate Springs, St. Albans, Burlington, Stowe, &c., to Manchester direct. 
Drawing-Room Cars through. 

From Saratoga, Trains going North connect at Rutland for Manchester; 
Trains going South connect at Troy for Manchester. 


THE PUTNAM HOUSE, 

PALATKA, - - FLORIDA. 

Open from November to 

Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F . H. ORVIS. 

Palatka is situated on the west bank of the St. John’s River, seventy miles 
south of Jacksonville. It is at the head of Navigation for ocean steamers, and 
at the mouth of the celebrated Ocklawaha River. 

Hart’s famous orange grove is immediately across the St. John’s River, 
opposite the town. 

Florida tourists should visit Palatka and make the trip up the romantio 
Ocklawaha to the wonderful Silver Spring. 

Palatka can be reached by steamers daily from Jacksonville, and by the 
steamers Dictator, City Point, and Lizzie Baker, from Charleston and Savannah, 
which run in connection with steamers from New York, and lines of railroad 
from the North. 










Lake Champlain Steamers. 

Lake George, Saratoga, Troy, Albany, New York, 

AND ALL 

SOUTHERN AND WESTERN POINTS, 

OGDENSBURGH AND CANADA. 


The Established Route, via 

ROUSE’S POINT AND LAKE CHAMPLAIN, 


offers the tourist find business man attractions possessed by no other line, being 
shorter, and combining less changes, and scenery more picturesque, historical, and 
romantic, than can be found in any other part of the American Continent in the 
same distance. 

Two trains leave Montreal and Ogdensburgh daily , connecting with Rouse’s 
Point with the elegant and commodious steamers of the 


CHAMPLAIN TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, 


“ Vermont,” - 
“Adirondack,” - 
“ Champlain,” 
“A. Williams,” 


Capt. Geo. Rushlow. 
Capt. Wm. Anderson. 
Capt. B. J, Holt. 

Capt. R. J. White. 


Forming two lines daily each way (Sunday excepted) between Fobt Tigondeboga 

and Rouse’s Point. 


Connections. 

At Fobt Tigondeboga, with Trains of Rensselaer and Saratoga R.R., for Lake 
George, Saratoga, Troy, Albany, New York, and all Southern and Western 
points. 

At Bublington, with Trains of Rutland and Burlington, and Vermont Central 
Railroads, for all Southern and Eastern points, and the Green and White 
Mountains. 

At Pobt Kent, with Stages for Keeseville and the Adirondack Sporting Region. 

At Plattsbubg, with Trains of Whitehall and Plattsburg Railroad, for the Hunting 
and Fishing localities of the Saranac Lakes and the Adirondack Wilderness. 

At Rouse’s Point, with Trains of Grand Trunk and O. & L. C. Railroads, for Og- 
densburgh, Montreal, Quebec, and and all points in Northern New York and 
Canada. 

THE ONLY ROUTE TO LAKE GEORGE, AND ONLY DIRECT 
ROUTE TO SARATOGA. 

Thbough Tickets and information can be obtained at the Ticket Offices at 
Niagara Falls; at the Company's Offices, 39 Great St. James Street, Montreal 
(adjoining St. Lawrence Hall); at the offices of the Grand Trunk Railway ; on board 
of steamers ; and at the General Office of the Company, Burlington, Vt. 

A, L, INMAN, General Superintendent 




Phelps, Dodge & Co., 

CLIFF ST., between John and Fnlton, 

New York. 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, 

OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS, 

PIG- TIN, RUSSIA SHEET IRON, 
Charcoal and Common Sheet Iron, 

LEAD, SHEET ZINC, COPPER, 
SPELTER, SOLDER, ANTIMONY, &c. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

COPPER, BRASS, AND WIRE. 



LQWCAC!iL CU.PJtiL4 
















PEOPLE’S LINE OF STEAMBOATS 


NEW YORK TO ALBANY 


STEAMERS : 


DREW, 

Capt. S. J. Roe, 


ST. JOHN, 

Capt. T. D. Christopher, 


MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

FRIDAY. 


TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY, 

SATURDAY. 


From Pier 41 Nortli River, south side of Canal Street, 
Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses Street, 

AT SIX O'CLOCK, P. M. 

Connecting with trains of New York Central, Albany ami Susquehanna, Rensselaer 
and Saratoga, and Boston and Albany Rail Roads. 

Tickets can be had at the Office on the Wharf, to all points West and North— 
Adirondacks, White Mountains, via Lake George and L. Champlain, &c., &c. 
Also at Dodd’s Express Office, 944 Broadway and No. 4 Court 
Street, Brooklyn, and Baggage checked to destination. 

Telegraph Office on the Wharf. 

Passengers leaving Washington at 8 A.M., Baltimore at 9:25 A.M., Philadel¬ 
phia at 1:30 P.M., arrive at New York at 5:15 P.M.—in time to connect as above. 

SUPPER AND BREAKFAST ON BOATS. 


ALBANY TO NEW YORK. 

STEAMERS : 


ST. JOHN, 

Capt. T. D. Christopher. 


DREW, 

Capt. S. J. Roe, 


MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

FRIDAY. 


TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY, 

SATURDAY 


From STEAMBOAT LANDING, on arrival of trains of New York Central, 
Albany & Susquehanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and Boston & Albany 
Rail Roads. Arriving in New York in time to connect with trains South 
and East. Cars of Rens. & Sar. R.R. take passengers to Boats. 

Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton. Burlington, Philadelphia, Wilming¬ 
ton, Baltimore, and Washington City, for sale on the Boats, and 
Baggage checked to destination. 


For delivery of baggage, apply to Baggage Masters on Boats. Hudson River R.R, 
Tickets taken for passage, including State Room Berths. Rooms heated 
by Steam during cool months. 


JOHN C. HEWITT, G. T. Agent. 







T. ROESSLE & SON, Proprietors. LAKE GEORGE, CALDWELL* N. 



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Erie Railway. 

EXPRESS TRAINS. 


EASTWARD. j Jiuie, *876. j- WESTWARD. 


8 

N. Y. 
Exp. 

4* 

Night 

Exp, 

12 

Atlantic 

Exp, 

STATIONS. 

I 

‘Day 

Exp, 

5 

Exp. 

Mail, 

3* 

Pacific 

Exp. 

7-55 P.M. 

1.40 P.M. 

7.25A.M. 

Arr. New York. Lve. 

9.OOA.M. 

10.45 A.M. 

7.00 P.M. 

7-47 “ 

2.20 “ 

7-30 “ 

“ Newark. 

9.10 “ 

n.24 “ 

6 55 ’* 

7.08 “ 
5-45 “ 
5-3i “ 
4.50 " 
4 -os “ 
2.01 " 

O 25 •• 

12.5s “ 

12.30 “ 
11.56A.M. 
11. 14 “ 
10.42 “ 

10 08 “ 

12.51 “ 

11.28 A.M. 

II.12 “ 

10.27 “ 
941 “ 

7.28 “ 
6.50 “ 
6.17 “ 
5.48 “ 
S-uo “ 

4-IS “ 
3-37 “ 
3.00 “ 

6.27 “ 

4.40A.M. 
3-43 “ 
2.48 “ 
12.20 ‘ 

11.48P.M. 

11.00 “ 

10.10 “ 

9.23 

8.47 “ 

8.40 

“ Paterson. 

“ Goshen. 

“ Middletown. 

“ Port Jervis. 

“ Lackawaxen 

“ Deposit 

“ Susquehanna. 

“ Great Bend. 

“ Binghamton. 

“ Owego. 

“ Waverly. 

“ Elmira. 

“ Corning. “ 

11.14 “ 
n.29 “ 
12.13 P.M. 
12.58 " 

3 - °S “ 
f4-oo “ 

4.15 “ 

4 - 45 “ 

5- 22 •* 
6.00 “ 
6-35 “ 
7.12 “ 

II.50 M. 
1.58P.M. 
2.38 “ 
3.22 “ 
4.18 “ 
7.03 “ 
J 8 .I 5 “ 
8-35 “ 
9.20 “ 
10.23 “ 
11.15 “ 
12.15A.M. 
1.02 “ 

9.42 “ 
10.01 " 
10.55 “ 

11 -45 “ 
2.15A.M. 
3.00 “ 

3 - 5 ° " 

4- 35 “ 

5 - 13 “ 
5 -Si “ 
6.32 M 

6.30 “ 

— 

4.30P.M. 

Lve. Rochester. Arr. 

n.25 “ 

— 

10.20 A.M. 

f 8 .so “ 
6-37 " 
S -25 “ 

4.50 “ 

4-45 “ 
4-35 “ 

ti.32 “ 
11.30 “ 
10.15 “ 
8.30 “ 
8.25 “ 

8.15 “ 

6.35A.M. 

4.10 “ 
2.50 “ 
2.15 “ 

2.10 “ 
2.00 P.M. 

Lve. Hornellsville. “ 

“ Attica. “ 

*• Buffalo. 1 

“ Niagara Falls. " 

“ Suspension Bridge. “ 

*• Clifton “ 

fS -35 “ 
11.17 “ 
12.45A.M. 
1.16 “ 
1.21 “ 
1.25 “ 

2.45 •« 

|8.oo “ 

1 .05 " 
12.25P.M, 

12.55 “ 

1.00 “ 
1.05 “ 

f 8 - 3 ° “ 
5-37 ' 
3-35 “ 

ft -32 “ 
3.20 - 
1.05 “ 

6.3s “ 

“ Hornellsville. Lve- 

“ Salamanca. “ 

“ Dunkirk. “ 

f 8.55 P.M. 
11.50 “ 
2.20A.M. 

3.00 “ 
6.02 “ , 
7 - 5 ° " 

18 . 25 A.M. 
n -35 “ 
1.30 P.M. 

7.35P.M. 

9.40A.M. 

7.00A.M. 
9,50 P. M. 

= 

Via A. G. IV. 

Lve. Cleveland. Arr. 

“ Cincinnati. “ 

6.50 “ 
5 -OOP.M. 

3.3c AM. 

7.15 “ 
530A.M. 

7.05 P.M. 
9.00 A.M. 

8.30 A.M. 
9.00 P.M. 

3.00 A.M. 
5.15P.M. 

Via G. W.&M.C. 

Lve. Detroit Arr. 

“ Chicago. “ 

9.50A.M. 
8-oo P.M. 

— 

9.40P.M. 

8.00A.M. 

9.55 P.M. 
5-45 ‘ 

9.20A M. 

3.10P.M. 
10.17A.M. 
10.40 P.M. 

7.30A.M. 
3.00A.S1. 
6.35 P.M. 

■ Via L.S. M.S. 

Lve. Cleveland. Arr. 

“ Toledo. “ 

“ Chicago. “ 

6.35A.M. 
10.50 “ 
8.00 P.M. 

1.40 “ 
8.05 “ 
6.30A.M. 

6.50 P.M. 
11.05 “ 
8.00A.M. 


*Daily. + Meal Stations. 


9.00 A. 


Cincinnati & Chicago ©ay Express Leaves 

L® daily, Sundays excepted. The train of Saturday, via L. S. & 
M. S. R. R., remains over Sunday at Cleveland, and at Detroit on the Great Western 
R.R. ot Canada, and via A. & G. W. R. R., runs through to Cincinnati, but not to Cleve¬ 
land. Pullman Drawing-Room Coaches from New York to Hornellsville, Buffalo, anc 
Suspension Bridge, connecting with Sleeping Coaches to Cleveland, Cincinnati, ant 
Detroit. 


10.45 A.M. 


Express lTEa.il Leaves daily, Sundays excepted 
Connects at Dunkirk, for Cleveland, Toledo, and Chicago. 
Sleeping Coaches from New York to Buffalo and Suspension Bridge. Train of Saturda\ 
does not run beyond Hornellsville. 

7 11© ■> IT Cincinnati & Chicago Night Express Leaves 

oVfAP ■ daily (Sundays included). Pullman Sleeping Coaches and 

Day and Night Coaches from New York to Rochester, Buffalo, Suspension Bridge, Detroit, 
Chicago, and Cincinnati, without change. 


E S. BOWEN) Oen’l Supt. JOHN N- ABBOTT, Gen’l Passenger Ag’t, 














































































THE 


Congress and Empire 

Spring Waters of Saratoga, 

ARE TUB BEST OF ALL THE SARATOGA WATERS FOR THE USE OF 
PERSONS OF CONSTIPATED HABIT. 


Tney act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility, and their effect 
le not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. At the 
same time they are not too cathartic— a fault with some of our most drastic mine¬ 
ral waters —but sufficiently so for daily and healthful use, and not strong enough 
to produce reaction. 

Their continued use keeps the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, 
producing a clear florid complexion. They preserve the tone of the stomach, and 
are powerful preventives of fever and bilious complaints. 

THE COLUMBIAN SPRING WATER 

Is universally acknowledged to be the best Chalybeate Water known. Where the 
blood requires Iron , this water supplies it in the best possible form for use. The 
assimilation is perfect. A grain of iron in this water is, in the opinion of a cele¬ 
brated physician, “ more potent than twenty grains exhibited according to the 
Pharmacopoeia. ” 

These waters, being purely natural , are highly recommended, and very fre¬ 
quently prescribed by the best medical authorities, many of whom, however, have 
expressed their condemnation in strong terms of the use of artificial mineral 
waters. 

Every genuine bottle of Congress Water has a large <s C ” raised on the glass. 
FOB SALE BY DRUGGISTS and HOTELS THROUGHOUT the COUNTRY. 

None Genuine Sold on Draught. 

At our General Mineral Water Depot, in New York, all varieties of NaturaJ 
Waters for sale at proprietors’ prices, delivered and shipped in New York, Brook¬ 
lyn, and Jersey City, free of charge. 

Orders by mail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and allowed 
for at liberal prices. Address, 

CONGRESS AND EMPIRE SPRING CO., ‘ 

94 Chambers Street, New York: City, 

Or, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Water, Prof. Chandler says : 

“As a Cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recommend 
It above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient as to sericuiij 
kupau their usefulness.” 


HOUSE 


DAUIGI IT 


BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 

COL WALTON DWIGHT, Pro. GEO. B. EDWARDS, Manager. 

Board per day, including hot and cold baths, two flights above Parlors, $3 ; ditto, 
one flight above Parlors, $4.50; ditto, Private Parlor Bedrooms, $5 to $6. 

Livery and Boarding Stable connected with the House. 

THIS HOUSE is delightfully located, fronting on Dwight Park and the Chen¬ 
ango River, surrounded by trees and fountains, and having an unobstructed view 
of country for miles around, and yet within seven minutes’ walk from the business 
centre of the city. This House is kept open the year round, and offers superior 
inducements to the BUSINESS MAN and COMMERCIAL TRAVELER. It is 
uniformly heated from top to bottom, and also furnished with BATH-ROOM, hot 
and cold water, with every suite of four rooms. No extra charge is made guests 
for heating rooms, or for hot and cold baths. 

The DWIGHT HOUSE, owing to its splendid location, extensive lawns, 
beautiful fountains, and croquet grounds, its excellent Orchestra, and afternoon 
and evening Concerts, under the leadership of Daniel S. Dickinson, during the 
summer months, offers special inducements to 

Permanent Boarders, Summer Tourists, and Pleasure seekers. 

PF” The appointment of rooms a?id tables is guaranteed to be equal to the 
best in the United States. 

The DWIGHT HOUSE, BINGHAMTON, N. Y., is on the line or terminus 
of the following railroads: New York and Erie Railway; Albany and Susquehanna 
R.R.; Utica and Chenango Valley R.R. ; Syracuse, Binghamton, and New York 
R.R.; Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western R.R., and Carbondale and Bingham¬ 
ton, and directly in line of the following pleasure routes: from Philadelphia and 
other cities on eastern seaboard, north via Delaware Water Gap, Minequa Springs, 
Watkins Glen, to Binghamton, Trenton Falls, Sharon, Richfield, and Saratogo 
Springs; Cincinnatti and other western and southern cities, via Niagara Falls, 
Watkins Glen, to Binghamton, Richfield Springs, Trenton Falls, Saratoga; from 
Boston, New York, and other eastern cities westward, via Erie Railway and Albany 
and Susquehanna R. R., to Binghamton, Delaware Water Gap, Watkins Glen, 
Minequa Springs, and Niagara Falls. 

In connection with the above Hotel, and surrounding Dwight House and 
Dwight Park, there are FORTY-NINE COTTAGES FOR S AT/ E OR TO RENT. 
These cottages cost from $2,500 to $10,000 each to build. They have every 
modern improvement. The higher priced are equal in finish to anything of the 
kind in the United States. The rents are from $250 to $800 per annum. This 
includes the full care of these Cottages in the way of lawn mowing, street sprink¬ 
ling, etc. Taking into consideration the comfort, elegance, and convenience 
combined, they offer the greatest inducements to families who are desirous of 
making permanent summer homes in the country. 

N.B.—Salesrooms over C. W. Sear’s Bookstore, in centre of business, fur¬ 
nished COMMERCIAL GUESTS of the House free. 


DWIGHT HOUSE, Binghamton, N. Y. 










































































































































































































































































































































































































































BALLSTON SPA ARTESIAN LITH1A SPRING.' 


The water of this remarkable Spring is shown by analysis to be twice as rich it* 
valuable Remedial Agents as any other water found in Saratoga County, and tc 
surpass in excellence all the Waters found in other parts of the United Staten. 
Flowing from a depth of six hundred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the 
solid rock, it is not diluted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally the 
case with shallow springs. 

Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and 
in fact combine the ingredients of all the principal ones in Europe and America. 
It is very strongly impregnated with that valuable mineral, Lithia, which is so 
effectual in dissolving the Chalk, or Limestone and Urate deposits in Rheuma¬ 
tism, Gout, and Gravel, and has been successfully used by hundreds in these 
diseases, with quick and telling effect; as also in Kidney Disease, Liver Com¬ 
plaint, Catarrh, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Acidity of the Stomach, Consti¬ 
pation and Piles, and has proved itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. 

The large quantities of Lithia, Bromine, and Iodine which it contains, specially 
recommend it to the attention of every Physician. 


ANALYSIS BY PROF. 

Chloride of Sodium. 750.030 gr. 

Chloride of Potassium.... 33.276 “ 

Bromide of Sodium. 3.643 “ 

Iodide of Sodium. 0.124 “ 

Fluoride of Calcium. trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lithia_ 7.750 “ 

Bicarbonate of Soda. 11.928 “ 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia.. 180.602 “ 

Bicarbonate of Lime. 238.156 “ 

Bicarbonate of Strontia.. 0.867 “ 

Bicarbonate of Baryta.... 3.881 “ 

Bicarbonate of Iron.. 1.581 “ 

School of Mines, Columbia College, 


:. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D. 

Sulphate of Potassa. 0.520 gr. 

Phosphate of Soda. 0.050 M 

Biborate of Soda. trace. 

Alumina. 0.077 “ 

Silica. 0.761 “ 

Organic Matter. trace. 


Total per gal. (231 cub. in.). 1233.246 


Carbonic Acid Gas. 426.114 cub. in. 

Density. 1.0159 “ 

Temperature. 52 deg. F. 

N. Y. April 21, 1868. 


For the benefit of those who are not acquainted with the richness of the differ¬ 
ent Springs, we give a Statement of the quantity of mineral matter contained in 
one gallon of Water of the Springs which claim to be the most effective in disease:— 


Ballston Artesian Lithia 


Spring. 1233,246 gr. 

Congress Spring... . 567.943 “ 

Empire Spring. 496.352 “ 

High Rock Spring. 628.038 “ 


Star Spring. 615.685 gr. 

Seltzer Spring.. 401.680 “ 

Excelsior. .. 514.746 “ 

Gettysburg!! Katalysine.. 266.930 “ 


The Water is carefully and securely bottled, and packed in boxes of four-dozen 
Pints, and will bear transportation to any part of the world. 

To prevent imposition, the corks are marked thus: Artesian Spring 
Co., Ballston, N. Y. Address 

ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING CO., 

Ballston Spa., N. Y ( 




























HEGEMAN PORTABLE FOLDING BOAT CO., 



Manufacturers of Patent Portable Folding Boats, 

For Exploring Expeditions, Yachts, Trappers, Sportsmen, Tourists, &c. 

BALLSTON SPA, N. Y. 

These safe, durable, and perfectly portable boats supply a want which has long 
been needed, being built on a thoroughly mechanical principle, combining th6 
greatest strength with the least possible weight of material, and when folded foi 
transportation, occupy only one-eighth the space of an ordinary boat , and can with 
ease be carried by one person in the most difficult places, or carried on horseback, 
or in a light wagon, or transported on railway cars as ordinary baggage, thus ena¬ 
bling the tourist or sportsman to reach the most distant lakes and streams of the 
continent with the greatest facility. 

The “ Portable Folding Boat" consists of a light, yet very strong folding frame 
of selected timber, ash or other equally tough wood being employed, screwed with 
metal fastenings, provided with adjustable knees, seats, rowlocks, &c., complete, 
and is covered with extra quality canvas of superior strength and durability, 
which will not “snag or get stove” like the wooden or metallic boajt. In case of 
accident, it can be repaired by needle and twine by one not an expert mechanic. 
Being flat-bottomed, they are more steady in the water, and a boat of sufficient 
capacity to carry three persons and traps, has a light draught of three-quarters 
of an inch of water Their buoyancy is further increased by means of cork fenders 
placed underneath the gunwale, which renders them perfect life-preservers ; they 
are less liable to capsize than any other boat, and cannot sink even when full of 
water. 

Anglers will find these boats especially well adapted for fly-fishing, trolling, &c., 
and they can be propelled at a fair rate of speed, with paddle, oars, or sail; and 
for those who desire practice in the art of rowing, these boats cannot be excelled. 
To parties camping out, these boats are a very desirable adjunct to their outfit— 
the canvas cover can be slung as a hammock, or used as a shelter tent. The frame 
can be folded in such manner as to form a lounge or bedstead. These boats have 
given the most complete satisfaction, as unlimited testimonials will show, from 
tourists in the Adirondacks, the glades of Florida, and elsewhere. A medal and 
diploma were awarded these Boats by the Judges of the American Institute, New 
York. See following report:— 

Report of the Judges of Award appointed by the Managers of the Am. Institute. 

The Judges report that they witnessed an experimental test of this boat at the 
foot of Sixth-third St., East River, and were satisfied that it has all the advantages 
OTer other boats claimed for it by the inventor. 

[Medal of Special Award of American Institute.] 

JTHN E. GAVIT, Secretary. F. A. F. BARNARD, President. 

EATON & CO., 102 Nassau St., New York, Agrents. 






















P. R. B. PIERSON, 


(Successob to LOSSING & BAEEETT,) 


No. 7 BEEKMAN STREET, 


NEW YORK, 


em rr &&&>. 


Every Description of Work in the 

BEST STYLE . 

ITTHIS IS IMIST specialty.^ 


CORRESPONDENCE INVITED IN REFERENCE TO WORK. 


Estimates furnished and all questions answered. 





THE UATIOlsTAL MATTRESS 

Can be changed to any desired degree of hardness or softness, without increasing or diminishing the 
length of the frame, or removing it from the bedstead. 

Buy none but the original Woven Wire Mattress. Send for Circular and Price List. 



THE WONDERFUL WOVEN WIRE MATTRESS, 







Boys and Middle-Aged Men - trained for a successful 

start in Business Life, taught how to get a living, make 
money, and become enterprising, useful citizens, at 

EASTMAN'S BUSINESS COLLEGE, 

Poughkeepsie; N. YOn-the-Httdson. 

It is the ONLY SCHOOL in the world where the course of 
study is PRACTICAL instead of Theoretical; where the students 
act as BUYERS, SELLERS. TRADERS, BANKERS, BOOK-KEEPERS, 
and accountants in actual business operations; where the 
BANK-BILLS, Fit ACT TONAL CURRENCY, and MERCHANDISE are 
actually used and have a real value, and every transaction 
is just as legitimate and bona fide as in any mercantile, banking, 
or business house. 

Each day’s business is based upon quotations in the New York 
market. It is the only institution that turns out practically 
educated business men, and that assists its graduates to situations. 
Total expenses, board, tuition, and stationery, $110 to $125. 
Applicants enter any week-day in the year. No Vacations. 

Address for particulars and Catalogue of 3,000 graduates in 
business 

H. G. EASTMAN, LL.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 


THE NEW YORK INDEPENDENT of Aug. 13, 1874, 
says editorially: “Among the many deservedly popular institutions of 
learning in this country none stand higher in its particular sphere than Eastman 
College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. It has educated and started on the road to success 
in business over TWENTY THOUSAND young men—a record unparalleled in the 
history of schools. We know that its course of study is not only practical, but 
systematic and thorough in every department.” 

THE CHRISTIAN STANDARD, Cincinnati, Ollio, of 
Aug. 8. 1S74, says: “The proprietor of this deservedly popular insti- 
tution of learning, is the leading business educator of young men in this country. 
By his experience in scholastic matters, guided by an indomitable energy never 
before (in our opinion) equalled, Professor Eastman has established at Pough¬ 
keepsie, ‘ a practical school for the times,’ devoted to the training of young men 
and boys for the active duties of life, teaching them how to become successful 
and useful business men. As such a school, Eastman’s University ranks pre¬ 
eminently THE LEADING, if not the ONLY one of its kind in the United 
States.” 






RIVER VIEW ACADEMY, 

A Classical, Commercial & Military Boarding School, Riverview, Po'keepsie, N. Y. 

OTIS BISBEE, A.M., Principal and Proprietor . 

The building is a large brick structure, occupying an elevation on the east bank of 
the Hudson river, and very distinctly seen from the passing cars and boats. It em¬ 
braces many conveniences adapted to the wants of a first-class boarding school, such 
as are not found in most other similar institutions. It is most thoroughly ventilated 
and heated by steam throughout; water is accessible on every floor, and the room of 
each pupil is as pleasant as it could be at home. The views are delightful in every 
direction, and the place is preeminently healthy. 

The Session for the year 1875-^76 begins September 9th, and ends June 16th, 
with two short recesses, one at Christmas and one at Easter. 

The advantages to pupils preparing for business or College, or wishing an 
extended course independently, are unsurpassed. 

The uniform is made of blue broadcloth, in the style represented in the above 
cut. j^^Circulars sent on application. Parents are cordially invited to inspect 
the premises. OTIS BISBEE, Principal and Proprietor. 







































HEALTH-LIFT 

Reduced to a Science. 


CUMULATIVE EXERCISE. 

-♦- 

A Thorough Gymnastic System 

IN TEN MINUTES ONCE A DAY. 


Health restored and Muscular Strength developed by 
equalizing and invigorating the circulation. The result of 
twenty years practical and theoretical study and experi¬ 
ment. The only scientific system of physical training. 

Minimum time for maximum results. 



This “cut” represents a lady taking an 
exercise on the 


Reactionary Lifter. 

It will be seen that the Exercise, as well as the 
Apparatus, is especially adapted for Ladies 
use. It is the only Machine in use by which a 
lady can take sufficient exercise without change 
of dress, soiled hands, awkward positions, etc. 
By its use, ten minutes once a day, they can get 
*11 needed exercise. 

You are cordially invited to- 
visit the 


LAMES’ 

PARLORS 

OF THE 


New York Health-Lift Company, 

46 EAST FOURTEENTH STREET, 

Ber Broadway and University Place, NEW "YORK.. 














THE HEALTH-LIFT 



CUMULATIVE EXERCISE, 

POPULARLY KNOWN AS 

The “Health Lift,” or “ Lifting Cure,” 

Whilst improving the health, will double the actual 
strength in three months—occupies only ten minutes 
once a day—furnishes a safer and more valuable mode of 
physical training than the gymnasium—is adapted to 
both ladies and gentlemen, requiring no change of 
dress—does not fatigue or exhaust, but, by equalizing and 
improving the circulation of the blood, refreshes and 
invigorates—and finally, is daily recommended by leading 
physicians to those suffering from want of tone and vigor, 
or from dyspepsia and other forms of indigestion, or from 
various diseases of the nervous system, or from the class of 
ailments caused by torpor or congestion of the liver—in 
short, it is warmly approved by the medical profession 
as the most efficient, safe, and simple means of 
preventing diseases arising from sedentary 
habits . 

Its rationale may be thus summed up: It is a harmonious 
and simultaneous exercise of the whole body ; every 
muscle is brought into use, and each in proportion to its 
relative strength. So distributed is this effort that there 
is no danger of injurious strain or rupture. The strength is 
augmented and equalized, and thus the individual becomes 
uniformly strong, and consequently healthy. It putB a man 
in possession of himself. It is a true exercise, a correct 
DEVELOPING AGENCY, and in many instances a safe meth¬ 
od of cure. 

These results may be secured by the use of the “ Re¬ 
actionary Lifter," which commends itself for cheap¬ 
ness, durability, and portability, its elegance and unique¬ 
ness of construction, as well as its ease and accuracy of 
adjustment. Full particulars sent by mail on application to 

THE HEALTH LIFT CO., 16 East 11th St., New York. 




TAINTOR’S 

Route and City Guides. 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO,, 758 Broadway, N. Y. 

-♦- 

These Guides describe all Cities, Towns, and Stations on the routes, 
giving items of interest to the traveler for business or pleasure. 

ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. 

Price, 25 Cents each. 


I. “CITY OF NEW YORK.” —Containing descriptions of the 
Public Buildings, Parks, Cemeteries, Islands, and Public Institu¬ 
tions in and around New York City; also lists of the principal Hotels, 
Amusements, Libraries, Clubs, Societies, Dispensaries, Horse Itaihoads, 
Omnibus Routes, Hack Fares, Ferries, &c.: also, Street, Traveler’s, and 
Church Directories, and a Large Colored Map of the Metropolis. 

II. “ NEW YORK TO V UI LA I) EL Pill A, HAITI* 
MORE, AND WASHINGTON.”— With descriptions of scenery, 
cities, villages, and objects of interest along the route. 

III. “ HUDSON RIVER ” ROUTE —New York to Albany, 
Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Adirondack Moun¬ 
tains, and Montreal, via Hudson River. 

I V. “HUDSON RIVER RAIIWA Y. > '—New York to 
Albany, Troy, and Saratoga. 

V. “ ERIE RAILWAY ROUTE.”— New York to Rochester, 
Dunkirk, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls. 

VI. “NEW YORK TO SARATOGA, BUFFALO, and 
NIAGARA FALLS.”— Via Hudson River and N. Y. Central R. R. 

VII. “ IIAR LEM RAIL WA Y. ’ ’—New York to Albany and Troy 
I Til. “ SPRINGFIELD ROUTE.”—New York to Boston, 

via New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield. 

IX. “SHORE LINE ROUTE.”—New York to Boston, via 
New Haven, New London, and Providence. 

X. “ STONINGTON R O UTE. ’ ’—New York to Boston, via Stc*. 
mgton and Providence. 

XI. “ NORWICH ROUTE.’ ’ — New York to Boston and White 
Mountains, via Norwich and Worcester. 

XII. “THE NEWFORT ROUTE.”—New York to Boston, 
With full descriptions of Newport and Narragansett Bay. 

XIII. “THE SOUND ROUTES.”—Four routes combined 
(Nos. X., XI., XII., and XIII.). 

XIV. “CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE.”—New York 

to White Mountains. 

X V. “ THE NORTHERN ROUTE. ’’—Boston to White Moun¬ 
tains. Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, MissisquOi 
Springs, Montreal, and Ogdensburg. 

XVI. “THE CENTRAL R. R. OF NEW TERSEY. 

and connections.”—New York and Philadelphia to the Penna. Coal Re¬ 
gions, Harrisburgh, Williamsport, and Elmira. 

xvii. “Pennsylvania coal regions.”—N ew 

York to Delaware, Water Gap, Scranton, Wilkesbarre, and Mauch Chunk, 
via Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, Lehigh and Susquehanna, and 
Lehigh Valley Railways. 

XVIII. “ LONG ISLAND.” —Via Long Island Railway. 

XIX. i( LONG ISLAND.” —Via South-Side Railway. 

XX. <( NEW LONDON ROUTE .”— New York to Montreal, 

via New London Northern Railway. 

XXI. DEL A ./ARE and HUDSON ROUTE _ Philadel¬ 

phia to the Coal Regions, Cooperstown, Sharon Springs, Saratoga, Lak« 
George, The Adirondack. 1 ;, and Montreal. 

ANY OF THE ABOVE SENT BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF 25 CTS, 




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THE 


Springfield Republican. 


[Began: The Weekly in 1824 —The Daily in 
1844 —by Samuel Bowles.] 


The completest and promptest local and general News¬ 
paper in New England. Independent and 
out-spoken on all public questions. 

Abounding in Critical and Literary Miscellany and 
Family Reading. 


Daily, $ 9 . 00 — Weekly, $ 2 . 00 — a Year. 


Postage paid. Reductions to Clubs. Send 
for free specimen copies. 


SAMUEL BOWLES & COMPANY, 

PUBLISHEKS, 


HYC-A-SS. 






AMUSEMENTS FOR ALL AGES 


-- 

BRADLEY’S GAMES. 

- > - 

BRADLEY’S PATENT CROQUET is the best ever made, because, while It in 
vj well made and finely finished as any in the market, it also has the PATENT SOCKET 
BRIDGES and Indexical BALLS, which double the value of any set without adding to 
the price. 


The game of MAGIC HOOPS, well known and very popular, adapted to HOUSE 
or Field. j ^ ^ * 


The new game of PITCH-A-RING. The best active game except Croquet, and 
may be played with equal pleasure in the parlor or on the lawn. A companion to 
Croquet. 


For the evenings and rainy days, 

KAKEBA is the best board game ever invented. Price by mail, $1.50. 

“ This is one of the most interesting and pleasing of all the new games introduced 
into this country. As a family game it far surpasses in interest all similar games 
ever invented, and presents a more wonderful combination of the elements of cnance 
and skill.”—A e'<' Haven Register. 


CORONA he best card game ever invented. Elegant, scientific, fascinating 
Price by mai .vo styles), 75c. and $1.50. 

_ *■ It is played with the hansomest cards we have seen, and the game is pronounced 
by its publishers to be one of their very best. It may be played by two, four, six, or 
eight persons, and thus make pleasure for a whole family, and a neighbor or two 
besides .”—Christian Union. 


HOW TO PLAT CROQUET. 

CROQUET: ITS PRINCIPLES AND RULES. By Prof. A. ROVER, the 
standard authority for America. Price only 10 cents by mail. Fourteenth edition, 
with new diagrams for setting bridges. 

The leading journals of sports, such as Forest and Stream , Wilkes' Spirit of the 
Times , and The American Sportsman , as well as the expert players, have adopted 
“ ROVER ” as the authority for the United States. 

The Brooklyn Union , in an article headed CROQUET— The Playing at Prospect 
and Washhigton Park—says: 

“ One of the greatest drawbacks to the improvement of croquet is the almost in¬ 
finite variety of the codes of rules under which it is played. In a well written article 
on the subject in this week’s Forest and Stream— a- journal which has become the 
‘ Field 1 of America—the writer adopts the croquet manual called ‘ Croquet, its 
Principles and Rules—by A. Rover,’ as the best work extant, and quoting from it 
gives the following explanation of errors which are in vogue among our city clubs. 

“ Until we have a national Croquet Association, this book will be regarded as the 
book of rules for American croquet.” 


IN THE COUNTRY 
Nothing affords more amusement than Kite-Flying. 

The HIGH-FLYER KITE, when put together, is 30 inches wide and 3 feet 
high, and weighs only four ounces. 

The frame is so made that it can be put together in five minutes without tools. 
The covering is of tough Manilla stook, printed in grotesque designs and bright 
colors. 

The frame, covering, and string for making, will be sent by mail for 50 cents ; g* 
the same with tail and 500 feet of twine for $1.00. 

For any of the above, send to 

MILTON, BRADLEY & CO., 

Springfield, Mass- 

Or, send a stamp for Illustrated Catalogue, 










SPRINGFIELD 


Tire and Marine insurance Co. 

Incorporated 1849. Charter Perpetual. 

NO MARINE RISKS TAKEN. 


Annual Statement—January 1st, ISIS. 

Capital, - $500,000.00 

Cash. Assets, - 1,266,145 . OO 

DWIGHT R. SMITH, Pres’t. 

S. J. HALL, Sec. A. J. WRIGHT, Treas 

BIGELOW, COIT, & PECK, Agents, .... New York.* 

ALEX. W. WISTER, Agent. Philadelphia. 

REED & BROTHER, Agents,. Boston. 

Agencies also in all the principal Cities and Towns in the country. 


THE MASSACHUSETTS 

Mutual Life Insurance Company, 

Of SPRINGFIELD, Mass. 

January 1st, 1875. 

Assets, over .... $5,BOO,000.00 

Surplus over Liabilities, and 4 per cent. Reserve Mass. Standard, . $500,000 00 

“ “ “ and “ “ New York “ . 900,000 00 

Dispursed to Policy-Holders in 1874, upward of . . . . 700,000 00 

Excess of Interest received in 1874, over amount of Death Losses paid— 

more than . . . . . . . 22,000 00 

Amount insured in 1874—nearly ...... 5,000,000 00 

Dividend paid Policy-Holders in 1874—the largest ever paid by the Company. 

The amount of outstanding insurance is upwards of $1,000,000 more than it 
was one year ago, being now nearly $34,000,000 

This Company, since its organization in 1851, has issued 36,240 policies, insur 
ing $84,055,538 00 

It has paid in policy claims, . . . $2,780,930 00 

It has returned as dividends, . . . 1,516,098 00 

It has paid for surrendered and canceled policies. 1,342,296 00 


Total disbursements to policy-holders, . $5,639,324 00 

This Company is entirely mutual, has no stockholders, its dividends are made 
on the contribution plan, and all its policies share in the beneficial provisions of 
the non-forfeiture law of Massachusetts. 

E. W. BOND, President. AVERY J. SMITH, Secretary. 

DAVID P. SMITH, Med. Ex'r. OSCAR B. IRELAND, Actuary. 








LARGEST ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY IN THE WORLD. 



THE TRAVELERS 

INSURANCE COMPANY, 


HARTFORD, CONN. 


CasR Assets, over - - - - $3,250,000 

Paid, iii Benefits, over - 2,000,000 

Surplus to Policy Holders, over - 1,000,000 


COST OF A YEARLY ACCIDENT POLICY. 


Amount 

Insured. 

Weekly 

Indemnity. 

Annual Premium. 

Class 

Preferred. 

Class 

Ordinary. 

Class 

Medium 

$1,0(10 

2,000 

3,000 

5,000 

10,000 

$5 00 

10 00 

15 00 

25 00 

50 00 

$5 00 

10 00 

15 00 

25 00 

50 00 

$7 50 

15 00 

22 50 

87 60 

75 00 

$10 00 

20 00 

30 00 

60 00 


Preferred Class includes Clergymen, Editors, Lawyers, Merchants, Clerks, 
Bankers, Book-keepers, etc. 

Ordinary Class includes Commercial Agents, Traveling Men, Insurance 
Adjusters, Bookbinders, Printers, Railroad Superintendents, Machinists, etc. 

Medium Class includes Passenger Conductors, Carpenters, Blacksmiths, 
Farmers, Butchers, Stage Drivers, etc. 


Life and Endowment Insurance of the best forms at Low Cash 
Rates. Ample Security. Low Premiums. 

JAMES G. BATTEESON, President. 

RODNEY DENNIS, Sec’y. JOHN E. MORRIS, Ass’t Sec’y. 

Apply to any Agent , or write to the Company. 

April, 1875. New York Office, 207 Broadway. 






















1875 . 


THE ClINAHD, 


Combining all the Desirable Features of First-class Ranges and 
Leading Cook Stoves. 



With an Improved Construction op Reservoir for Hot 
Water, the New Automatic Hot Air Flue, Clenk- 
erless Grate and Illuminated Front, and 
with the New Patent Ash Sifter for 


ANTHRACITE or BITUMINOUS COAL, 


OR 


"W O O ID. 


Manufactured by 



ALBANY, 115 Hudson Ave. CHICACO, 15 & 17 Lake St 
NEW YORK, 86 Beekman St 







THE CHRISTIAN AT WORK 


T. DE WITT TALMAGE, Editor. 


Without Premium, $3.00; with Premium, $3.25. To Clergymen, 75 cents less. 
A. Choice of Beautiful Premiums. 


OJPiisrionsrs oif 1 tzhzie peess : 

“ The Christian at Work is the liveliest religious paper published in these 
parts. Its columns are spicy and sparkling, and to religious people who like things 
lively, it is a readable paper. The Devil is more certain to be frightened with a 
radiant face than a solemn and forbidding one.”— N. Y. Commercial Advertiser. 

“ The Christian at Work has donned a new dress a.'.d looks as pretty as 
a picture. The type of all sizes is admirably clear, and a handsomer weekly there 
is not in these United States.' 1 ' 1 W. Y. Evening Mail. 

“The Christian at Work is safe and reliable in all its utterances and 

ought to displace the-in every family. Its editor is a host in himself, 

and nothing will stagnate that he has anything to do with.”— London Correspon¬ 
dence of Chicago Interior. 

“ The Christian at Work is an admirably conducted sheet, filled with live 
matter.”— N. Y. Star. 

“ The Christian at Work is one of the most readable religious papers 
published anywhere. The Doctor and his associates have discovered the art of 
making a publication orthodox without being flippant.”— Brooklyn Eagle. 

-- 

FIVE SABBATH SCHOOL PAPERS, 

Under the same editorial supervision, are published by us monthly, and are suitable 
for School or Home. The best and cheapest published. Beautiful Premiums 
with these also. 

Good Words, My Paper, Good Clieer, Old and Young. 

Der Sonntagsgast (German). 

We number our papers, but do not date them, making them good at any time. 

Two papers with names nearly like our own have lately been issued in New 
York City. They are not in any way under the supervision of Dr. Talmage or 
the control of The Christian at Work Publishing Company. Be careful to 
Bend your orders direct to the publisher of this paper. 

Full particulars and sample copies of all papers furnished on application. 

HORATIO C. KING, Publisher, 

No. 102 Chambers Street, New York. 






STANDARD 


American Billiard Tables. 



FIRST-CLASS WORKMANSHIP, 

Uniformity of Construction, and Durability. 

Everything appertaining to Billiards kept constantly on hand. Send for 
Illustrated Circular arfd Brice List. Address Box 1847, New York Post Office 

H. W. COLLENDER, 

(Successor to PHELAN & COLLENDER,) 

738 Broadway, New York, 


SPECIAL NOTICE. 

In consequence of the death of Mr. Phelan, the firm of Phelan & Coir- 
USNDEB is dissolved. The undersigned, the surviving partner, begs to inform 
the customers of the house and the public generally that, having purchased 
the entire Stock, Machinery, Copyrights, and Letters-Patent of the late firm, 
he continues the business in the same extensive Manufactory, Thirty-sixth 
Street, Thirty-seventh Street, and Tenth Avenue, and at the well known 
Wareroom, No. 738 Broadway ; at either of which places he will be happy 
lo meet customers for the transaction of new business or to settlo up the 
* flairs of the old firm. 

Respectfully, 

H. W. COLLENDER. 


























SELTZER 


Tlie Human Locomotive should be carefully 
engineered, otherwise it may run off the track of life at any 
moment. To keep its delicate internal machinery in perfect 
trim, or to put it in good working condition, when out of 
order, is the peculiar province of 

Tarrant's Effervescent Seltzer Aperient, 

The thoroughness with which it cleanses, without irritating 
the bowels; the tone and vigor which it imparts to the 
stomach; its appetizing effects; its cooling, refreshing 
operation in fever; the relief it affords in headache; its 
antibilious properties, and its superior merits as a general 
corrective, justify the assertion that it is, beyond all compari¬ 
son, the most valuable family medicine of the age. 

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. 














THE 


< 5 *^. 

NORTH 


XTX 99d 
^ c— 

1^.2 L * < 
/<>/ 


AMERICA 


(MUTUAL) 

Life Insurance Company 

Have determined to offer to those who may prefer that plan of Insurance, the new 

system, entitled 


TONTINE INSURANCE. 


it is believed to combine greater and more varied advantages than any other known 
system of Insurance.—Send for Circular. 


ABSOLUTE SECURITY. 

T? <=*rrief-t-v —This Company issues New York State Registered Policies, secured 
XYCglSiry. by pi e( jge of Public Stocks, like the circulation of National Banks. 
This makes every Registered Policy as secure to the holder as a National Bank 
Note or United States Bond. 

Superintendent Barnes says, in his Report for 1869 :—“ So far as the question of 
security is concerned, a Policy duly registered in this Department is probably the 
safest Life Insurance Policy that can be issued by a corporation.” 

Amount on deposit with the Insurance Department, for the protection 
of Policy-holders of the North America Life Insurance Company, 
nearly $ 2 , 000 , 000 . 

( See Regular Bulletin of Registered Policy Account\ 
in every Tuesday’s New York Tribune. J 

ALL POLICIES REGISTERED IN THE INSURANCE DEPARTMENT 

FREE OF COST. 

1VT11 fnnli fv —The C° m P an Y i* Purely Mutual, the Capital Stock having been 
ivl U. LU.H-LI Ly . recently paid back to the Stockholders, and henceforth ai; the 
profits will be divided among the Policy-holders, after the NEW PLAN OF 
CONTRIBUTION originated by this Company. 

—ALL OUR LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POLK tES 
UI1 rUIICILUIC. ^RE NON-FORFEITABLE, thus securing to your 
heirs the value of every dollar invested, whether you can continue your Policy 01 not. 

NTrm-I? pcfit-irm —No restriction on travel in the United States or uv 
1 11 ILAiUIl. part of North America, north of the Southern Car 

of Florida, or in Europe at any season of the year. 

Grace in Payment of Premiums.- 1 ^**^?^,. 

and the Policy held good. 

Premiums and Returns of Surplus/^'“ t c ^ s ? e ' 5 ^ 

the Policy-holder, converted to additional Insurance. 


North America (Mutual) Life Insurance Company, 

17 & 19 WARREN ST., NEW YORK. 


ft 














































































